Tamil Resistance to British Rule
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Questions and Answers

What significant group did the Marudhu brothers form against the British, and why was it important?

The Marudhu brothers formed the South Indian Confederation, which was important as it was the first declaration uniting Indians against British rule.

What were the consequences of the Marudhu brothers’ rebellion in Siruvayal?

The rebellion was met with defeat by British forces, leading to the execution of the Marudhu brothers after betrayal.

How did Theeran Chinnamalai's military training influence his resistance against the British?

Theeran Chinnamalai was trained in modern warfare by the French Army, which enabled him to effectively organize and lead guerrilla warfare against the British.

What alliance did Theeran Chinnamalai form during the Mysore War and what was its outcome?

<p>He allied with Tipu Sultan's army, and they were victorious in three battles against the British.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What tactics characterized Theeran Chinnamalai's warfare and how did they contribute to his initial successes?

<p>He utilized guerrilla warfare tactics, which allowed him to achieve successive victories against the British forces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Pulithevan's significant contribution to the Indian freedom struggle?

<p>Pulithevan was notable for being the first Indian king to fight and defeat the British in India, shouting 'Vellaiyane veliyeru' which means 'Quit India'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What skills and abilities did Velu Nachiyar possess that contributed to her leadership?

<p>Velu Nachiyar was well-versed in multiple languages and skilled in martial arts, including Silambam and sword fighting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Marudhu brothers contribute to the resistance against British rule?

<p>The Marudhu brothers fought to restore Velunachiyar's rule after the death of Muthuvaduganathar, serving as her military leaders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the battle led by Pulithevan against the British in 1755?

<p>Pulithevan's forces defeated the British army led by Colonel Heron in 1755.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the circumstances under which Velu Nachiyar became a queen again.

<p>After escaping and living in hiding for eight years, she re-captured Sivaganga with military help and was re-enthroned as queen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of Gopala Nayak in Velu Nachiyar's struggle against the British?

<p>Gopala Nayak provided protection and military assistance to Velu Nachiyar during her time in hiding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What nickname is Velu Nachiyar known by in Tamil Nadu, and why?

<p>Velu Nachiyar is known as 'Veeramangal' and 'The Queen Jhansi of South India' for her bravery in fighting colonial rule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857 considered the first Indian War of Independence?

<p>The Sepoy Mutiny is termed the first Indian War of Independence as it marked a significant large-scale uprising against British rule across India, including contributions from various regions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Who formed the South Indian Confederation?

The Marudhu brothers, leaders of a rebellion against the British East India Company, united several South Indian groups to form the South Indian Confederation, marking the first united opposition of Indians against British rule.

Where did the Marudhu brothers face defeat?

The Marudhu brothers were defeated by the British forces in the Siruvayal area of Kalayarkoil, which was the main center of their rebellion.

Who was Theeran Chinnamalai? How was he trained?

Theeran Chinnamalai, a Kongu palayakkarar, was trained in modern warfare by the French army and formed an alliance with Tipu Sultan to fight against the British.

What happened in the Mysore Wars?

Theeran Chinnamalai's alliance with Tipu Sultan proved successful in the first three Mysore Wars, but Tipu Sultan was killed in the Fourth Mysore War.

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How did Theeran Chinnamalai fight the British?

Theeran Chinnamalai, known for his 'Guerrilla' warfare tactics, fought against the British from his fort, earning the title 'Oda Nilai' (One Who Stands Firm).

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Who was Pulithevan?

A Palayakkarar ruler who fought against the British in the 18th century, famous for his cry of 'Vellaiyane Veliyeru' (Quit India), marking a significant early stand against British colonization.

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Where was Pulithevan's kingdom?

Pulithevan was the ruler of a small kingdom called a Palayakkarar, based in Nelkatan Seval near Tirunelveli. He initially opposed the British due to a conflict with the Nawab of Arcot.

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Who was Velunachiyar?

Velunachiyar was the Queen of Sivaganga, known for her battle skills in Silambam, Valari, sword fighting, and archery. She also spoke multiple languages.

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What happened to Velunachiyar's husband?

Velunachiyar was a fierce warrior queen who resisted British rule in Sivaganga. Her husband, Muthuvaduganathar, was killed by the British in a battle at the Kalaiyar temple.

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How did Velunachiyar regain her kingdom?

After her husband's death, Velunachiyar escaped and rebuilt her army with the support of Gopala Nayak and Hyder Ali. She also allied with the Marudhu brothers to retake her kingdom.

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Who were the Marudhu brothers?

The Marudhu brothers were loyal soldiers serving Muthuvaduganathar. After his death, they fought to restore Sivaganga's ownership to Velunachiyar.

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Why is Velunachiyar known as 'Veeramangal'?

Velunachiyar is celebrated as 'Veeramangal' and the 'Queen Jhansi of South India' due to her courageous fight against the British, predating the more famous Rani Lakshmibai from Jhansi.

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What does the story of Pulithevan, Velunachiyar, and the Marudhu brothers highlight?

Pulithevan, Velunachiyar, and the Marudhu brothers represent significant pre-1857 resistance against the British in South India, demonstrating the active role Tamilians played in India's fight for independence.

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Study Notes

Tamil Resistance to British Rule

  • Significant Tamil figures fought against British rule long before the 1857 Sepoy Mutiny.
  • Early resistance predates the commonly recognized Indian independence movement.

Pulithevan (1715-1767)

  • Pulithevan was a palayakkarar who opposed British rule.
  • He was the first to call for the British to leave India ("Vellaiyane veliyeru").
  • Pulithevan led an army that defeated the British command in 1755.
  • He was the first Indian to defeat the British army in India

Velu Nachiyar (c. 1730–1796)

  • Velu Nachiyar was the Queen of Sivaganga.
  • She was skilled in various martial arts and languages.
  • She was a skilled warrior and fought against the British East India Company.
  • Velu Nachiyar was the first Indian queen to resist British colonial rule.
  • Velu Nachiyar's resistance predates Jhansi Rani’s.

Marudhu Brothers

  • The Marudhu brothers, soldiers supporting the Sivagangai ruler, fought to reinstate Velu Nachiyar.
  • They formed a united front against the British, possibly the first pan-Indian alliance.
  • The Marudhu brothers were betrayed and killed by the British.

Theeran Chinnamalai (1756-1805)

  • Theeran Chinnamalai was a Kongu palayakkarar who fought British forces.
  • Trained by the French, he allied with Tipu Sultan and led guerilla warfare.
  • Theeran Chinnamalai fought and won against the British three times against the British.
  • He was eventually captured and executed.

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Description

Explore the courageous efforts of Tamil figures like Pulithevan, Velu Nachiyar, and the Marudhu Brothers in their fight against British colonial rule. This quiz delves into the early resistance movements that shaped Tamil identity and predate the broader Indian independence movement.

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