5 Questions
Sebanyak ______ orang di AS adalah pembawa virus.
1,2 juta
Pencegahan hepatitis B sangat penting karena potensi ______ jangka panjang dan prevalensi virus yang tinggi di beberapa populasi.
komplikasi
Semua bayi baru lahir harus menerima ______ hepatitis B.
vaksin
Penggunaan ______ selama aktivitas seksual mengurangi risiko penularan.
kondom
Praktik injeksi yang aman dengan menggunakan peralatan ______ dan pembuangan jarum dan alat suntik yang aman mengurangi risiko infeksi di antara petugas kesehatan.
steril
Study Notes
Hepatitis B Causes and Prevention
Causes of Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is a viral infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). The causative agent is an enveloped single strand DNA virus with a size ranging from 42 to 46 nanometers in diameter. The virus primarily infects the liver, causing inflammation and potentially damaging liver cells. Routes of transmission include:
- Parenteral transfer, primarily through sharing of needles or syringes contaminated with infected blood.
- Perinatal transmission from a mother infected with HBV to her baby at the time of birth.
- Sexual contact with an infected partner.
- Accidental needle stick injuries from contaminated blood products or medical equipment.
- Occupational exposure to HBV-containing blood or bodily fluids in healthcare settings.
Although there are minimal cases of hepatitis B transmission through blood transfusions, any infected blood is typically discarded.
Impact of Hepatitis B
Although most adults develop lifelong immunity after being infected with HBV, the outcome of infection can range from mild illness to acute liver failure, chronic liver disease, and even death. Transmission of HBV occurs more frequently in infants and young children, where the mortality rate is higher and chronicity is common.
- 90% of infants and 25-50% of children aged 1-5 years become chronically infected.
- In adults, approximately 95% recover completely and will not develop a chronic infection.
- As many as 1.2 million people in the US are carriers of the virus.
Prevention of Hepatitis B
Prevention of hepatitis B is essential due to the potential for long-term complications and the high prevalence of the virus in some populations. The following measures are recommended to prevent hepatitis B transmission:
- Vaccination: All newborn babies should receive the hepatitis B vaccine, and individuals at risk of exposure should also be vaccinated.
- Screening: Pregnant women, individuals born in countries with a high prevalence of HBV, and others considered at increased risk should be screened for the virus.
- Universal immunization programs: Newborn babies have been vaccinated against hepatitis B since 1997 in many countries, such as Indonesia.
- Safe injection practices: Sterile equipment and safe disposal of needles and syringes reduce the risk of infection among healthcare workers.
- Condom use during sexual activity reduces the risk of transmission.
Pelajari tentang penyebab infeksi virus hepatitis B (HBV) dan langkah-langkah pencegahan yang efektif. Temukan cara virus menyebar dan faktor risiko terkait, serta dampak yang dapat terjadi pada individu yang terinfeksi. Kenali vaksinasi, skrining, dan praktik-praktik aman yang dapat membantu mencegah penularan hepatitis B.
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