Hepatitis Virus Infection

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What is the primary mechanism by which the hepatitis C virus causes cell necrosis?

Oxidative stress

Hepatic steatosis

Insulin resistance

Immune-mediated cytolysis (correct)

Which of the following groups is at increased risk of acquiring hepatitis C?

People with a history of tuberculosis

People with HIV (correct)

People with a history of asthma

People with a history of diabetes

What is the correct sequence of tests for diagnosing hepatitis C?

EIA → PCR → RIBA

RIBA → EIA → PCR

EIA → RIBA → PCR (correct)

PCR → EIA → RIBA

What is a common mode of transmission of hepatitis C?

Sharing of needles and syringes (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the hepatitis C virus?

It is a non-cytopathic virus (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following professions is at increased risk of acquiring hepatitis C?

Healthcare and emergency medical personnel (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a rare case of Hepatitis D transmission?

Mother to child at birth (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) in Hepatitis D diagnosis?

To monitor ongoing HDV infection (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of preventing Hepatitis D virus?

Prevention of Hepatitis B virus (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common outcome of acute HDV and HBV infection?

Chronic hepatitis in 80% of cases (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a high-risk population for Hepatitis D superinfection?

Chronic HBV carriers (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for Hepatitis D virus?

There is no specific treatment for HDV (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary route of transmission for Hepatitis A?

Contaminated food and water (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic shape of the Hepatitis A virus?

Cubic symmetry (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common symptom of Hepatitis A infection in adults?

Yellowing of the skin and sclera (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of PCR and ELISA assays in laboratory diagnosis of Hepatitis A?

To detect the presence of antibodies in the bloodstream (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which population is at an increased risk of Hepatitis A infection due to occupational exposure?

Food handlers (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of detecting HAV in stool samples during laboratory diagnosis?

It is usually detected 1-2 weeks before the onset of jaundice (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for testing donated blood for HCV?

To prevent transmission of HCV through blood transfusions (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the average period from exposure to symptom onset in people with newly acquired HCV infection?

2-12 weeks (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a component of the treatment for chronic HCV infection?

PEGylated interferon combined with ribavirin (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Recombinant Immunoblot Assay (RIBA) in the diagnosis of HCV?

To confirm the presence of HCV antibodies in the blood (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common extrahepatic manifestation of chronic HCV infection?

Diabetes (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended precaution for people living with Hepatitis C?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of prevention for Hepatitis B?

Getting vaccinated (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the Hepatitis B virus?

Single-stranded RNA genome surrounded by an icosahedral capsid (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnostic significance of Hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg) in the serum?

Indicates infectivity of the individual (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following populations is at high risk for Hepatitis B infection?