Pemeriksaan Darah Rutin dan Metodologi
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Questions and Answers

Apa fungsi utama trombosit dalam tubuh?

  • Menghancurkan bakteri
  • Menjaga integritas pembuluh darah (correct)
  • Memproduksi sel darah merah
  • Mengatur tekanan darah

Apa yang dimaksud dengan trombositosis?

  • Peningkatan jumlah trombosit (correct)
  • Penurunan kadar darah total
  • Peningkatan kadar hemoglobin
  • Penurunan jumlah trombosit

Indeks trombosit yang menggambarkan rerata ukuran trombosit adalah?

  • P-LCR
  • MPV (correct)
  • PDW
  • Plateletcrit

Apa yang dimaksud dengan trombositopenia?

<p>Kekurangan trombosit dalam darah (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Berapa kisaran nilai normal trombosit per mikroliter darah?

<p>150-450 x 10^3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa metode yang dapat digunakan untuk pengukuran indeks eritrosit?

<p>Mikrohematokrit (manual) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Berapa rentang nilai normal hemoglobin untuk perempuan?

<p>36-46% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa yang dimaksud dengan penurunan MCV?

<p>Mikrositik (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa rumus untuk menghitung MCH?

<p>MCH = Hb (g/dL) x 10 / AE (x 10^6/µL) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa istilah untuk MCHC yang rendah?

<p>Hipokromik (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa yang diukur oleh RDW?

<p>Variasi ukuran eritrosit (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Berapa nilai normal untuk RDW-CV?

<p>12-15% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa fungsi utama leukosit?

<p>Berkontribusi dalam sistem imun (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa yang tidak termasuk dalam pemeriksaan darah rutin?

<p>Kadar glukosa (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa antikoagulan yang biasanya digunakan untuk sampel darah rutin?

<p>EDTA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Metode mana yang digunakan untuk menghitung jumlah eritrosit secara manual?

<p>Bilik hitung (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa yang menggambarkan rasio volume eritrosit terhadap volume darah whole blood?

<p>Hematokrit (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nilai normal hemoglobin untuk laki-laki dalam satuan g/dL adalah?

<p>14-18 g/dL (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Skrining apa yang utama dilakukan melalui pemeriksaan darah rutin?

<p>Anemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa yang menunjukkan penurunan kadar eritrosit dalam darah?

<p>Anemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa ukuran normal eritrosit dalam mikrometer?

<p>6-8 mikrometer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa yang dimaksud dengan leukopenia?

<p>Penurunan jumlah leukosit (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Berapa nilai normal jumlah leukosit per mikroliter darah?

<p>4-11 x 10^3/µL (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Salah satu penyebab eosinofilia adalah?

<p>Proses alergi (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa yang menunjukkan jumlah neutrofil yang meningkat?

<p>Proses inflamasi akut (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa jenis leukosit yang memiliki nukleus berbentuk bulat?

<p>Limfosit (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa yang dimaksud dengan limfositosis?

<p>Peningkatan limfosit (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Berapa persen kisaran normal neutrofil pada pemeriksaan darah?

<p>50-70% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa yang tersisa tidak umum ditemukan pada neutrofil?

<p>Nukleus berbentuk tapal kuda (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dari jenis leukosit berikut, manakah yang memiliki ukuran terbesar?

<p>Monosit (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa peranan dari basofil dalam darah?

<p>Terlibat dalam proses alergi (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Routine Blood Test

An automated test measuring red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Used to screen for anemia, infections, and early-stage cancer, and assess response to treatments.

Sample Collection (Pre-Analytic)

Blood collected in tubes with specific anticoagulants (like EDTA), adequate volume, and processed promptly (within 6 hours at room temp, or properly stored if delayed) to ensure reliable results.

Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)

Disc-shaped, oxygen-carrying cells containing hemoglobin. Essential for transporting oxygen & carbon dioxide.

Erythrocyte Count

Number of red blood cells per volume of blood. Low count can indicate anemia, high count suggests polycythemia.

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Hemoglobin

Protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. Measured to detect anemia.

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Hematocrit

Ratio of red blood cell volume to total blood volume. Used to check for anemia and calculate other blood indices.

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Blood Analysis Method (Manual)

A time-consuming blood testing method that involves manual procedures, potentially less accurate, compared to semiautomated or automated methods.

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Blood Analysis Method (Automated)

Sophisticated blood analysis technique, often more precise, using advanced technology. Higher cost.

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Microhematocrit (manual)

A manual method for measuring the hematocrit (percentage of red blood cells in blood).

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Automated/Semi-automated

Automated methods for measuring hematocrit and other blood parameters.

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Normal Hemoglobin Levels (female)

36-46%.

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Normal Hemoglobin Levels (male)

40-54%.

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Red Blood Cell Indices

Calculations from red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (Hct).

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Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)

Average volume of a red blood cell; reflects RBC size.

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MCV Normal Range

80-100 femtoliters (fL).

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Microcytic

Decreased MCV (smaller than normal red blood cells).

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Macrocytic

Increased MCV (larger than normal red blood cells).

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Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH)

Average amount of hemoglobin in a red blood cell.

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MCH Normal Range

26-32 picograms (pg).

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Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)

Average concentration of hemoglobin in a red blood cell.

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MCHC Normal Range

32-36 g/dL

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Normochromic

Normal MCHC.

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Hypochromic

Low MCHC (less than normal hemoglobin concentration).

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Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)

Measures the variation in red blood cell size.

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Anisocytosis

High RDW (significant variation in RBC size).

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Leukocyte

A white blood cell. They are part of the immune system.

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Leukocyte Types

White blood cells (WBCs) found in peripheral blood; including neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils.

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Neutrophils

Most abundant WBC type, crucial for acute inflammation and bacterial infections.

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Neutrophil Count (High)

Elevated neutrophil count, usually indicating acute inflammation or bacterial infection.

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Neutrophil Count (Low)

Decreased neutrophil count, often seen after chemotherapy or severe infections.

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Lymphocytes

WBCs essential for adaptive immunity, responding to viral infections.

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Lymphocyte Count (High)

Elevated lymphocyte count, commonly associated with viral infections.

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Lymphocyte Count (Low)

Lower-than-normal lymphocyte count, possibly linked to immune deficiency.

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Monocytes

Large WBCs, involved in chronic inflammation and some viral/bacterial infections.

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Monocyte Count (High)

Elevated monocyte count, potentially pointing to chronic inflammation or infection.

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Eosinophils

WBCs primarily involved in allergic reactions and parasitic infections.

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Eosinophil Count (High)

Elevated eosinophil count suggestive of allergies or parasitic infections.

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Basophils

Least abundant WBC type, involved in allergic reactions.

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Platelets

Small cell fragments from megakaryocytes, crucial for blood vessel integrity and hemostasis.

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Platelet Count

Measurement of platelets per microliter of blood, crucial for assessing blood clotting function.

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Thrombocytosis

Elevated platelet count, often linked to inflammation, trauma, or blood disorders.

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Thrombocytopenia

Low platelet count, associated with bleeding and various diseases.

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MPV

Mean Platelet Volume; the average size of platelets, helping in assessing platelet function/health.

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Plateletcrit

Percentage of blood volume occupied by platelets, similar to hematocrit.

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PDW

Platelet Distribution Width, variation in platelet size.

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P-LCR

Ratio of large platelets from analysis of platelet count.

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Basophilia

Increased levels of basophils (a type of white blood cell) often associated with allergies or hematological malignancies.

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Study Notes

Pemeriksaan Darah Rutin

  • Pemeriksaan darah rutin dilakukan pada alat analisis otomatis, mengukur eritrosit, leukosit, dan trombosit.
  • Pemeriksaan hematologi rutin dilakukan pada hampir semua pasien di fasilitas kesehatan.
  • Indikasi pemeriksaan meliputi skrining anemia, kelainan sel darah, infeksi, skrining awal kanker, respon pasca terapi antibiotik, dan pengobatan lainnya.

Pre-analitik

  • Sampel ditampung dalam wadah dengan antikoagulan sesuai (biasanya EDTA, tabung tutup ungu muda).
  • Volume sampel cukup untuk rasio darah:antikoagulan yang tepat.
  • Pemeriksaan segera dilakukan (maksimal 6 jam pada suhu ruangan) atau sesuai kaidah penyimpanan.

Metode Pemeriksaan Darah Rutin

  • Manual: biaya rendah, memakan banyak waktu.
  • Semi-otomatis
  • Otomatis: biaya tinggi, akurat, bergantung pada alat.

Eritrosit

  • Sel darah tanpa nukleus, bikonkaf, berisi hemoglobin (mengangkut oksigen dan CO2).
  • Ukuran 6-8 mikrometer dengan bagian tengah pucat.
  • Parameter yang diperiksa: jumlah eritrosit, hemoglobin, hematokrit, RDW, indeks eritrosit (MCV, MCH, MCHC).

Hitung Eritrosit

  • Menggambarkan jumlah eritrosit per volume darah.
  • Penurunan disebut anemia, peningkatan disebut polisitemia.
  • Metode pemeriksaan: bilik hitung (manual), otomatis (metode impedansi, penyebaran cahaya).
  • Nilai normal hemoglobin: perempuan 3,8 – 4,8 x 10^6/μL, laki-laki 4,5 – 5,5 x 10^6/μL

Hemoglobin

  • Protein dalam eritrosit, salah satu indikator anemia.
  • Metode pemeriksaan: cyanmethemoglobin, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS).
  • Nilai normal hemoglobin: perempuan 12-15 g/dL, laki-laki 14-18 g/dL.

Hematokrit

  • Rasio volume eritrosit terhadap volume darah total.
  • Pemeriksaan sederhana untuk skrining anemia, menghitung indeks eritrosit (bersama jumlah eritrosit dan hemoglobin).
  • Metode pemeriksaan: mikrohematokrit (manual), otomatis/semi-otomatis.
  • Nilai normal hemoglobin: perempuan 36-46%, laki-laki 40-54%.

Indeks Eritrosit

  • Hasil perhitungan dari tiga parameter: hitung eritrosit, hemoglobin, dan hematokrit.
  • Digunakan untuk mengklasifikasikan anemia.
  • MCV: rerata volume eritrosit (80-100 fL), penurunan disebut mikrositik, peningkatan disebut makrositik.
  • MCH: rerata berat hemoglobin dalam eritrosit (26-32 pg).
  • MCHC: rerata konsentrasi hemoglobin dalam eritrosit (32-36 g/dL), penurunan disebut hipokromik.
  • RDW: menggambarkan variasi ukuran eritrosit (normal = 12-15%).

Leukosit

  • Sel darah yang berfungsi dalam sistem imun.
  • Terdiri dari neutrofil, limfosit, monosit, eosinofil, basofil.
  • Jumlah leukosit, dan hitung jenis sel leukosit (neutrofil%, limfosit%, monosit%, eosinofil%, basofil%) diperiksa dalam darah rutin.
  • Perhitungan manual menggunakan bilik hitung, otomatis menggunakan alat hematologi analyzer.

Hitung Jenis Leukosit

  • Perhitungan jenis leukosit yang ditemukan pada darah tepi (manual atau otomatis).
  • Leukosit diidentifikasi sebagai 5 jenis atau 3 jenis (neu, lim, mix).

Trombosit

  • Sel darah kecil, pecahan megakariosit, berperan dalam hemostasis.
  • Berukuran 2-4 mikrometer, tanpa nukleus dan sedikit granul.
  • Parameter yang diperiksa : jumlah trombosit, indeks trombosit (MPV, PDW, P-LCR, Plateletcrit).
  • Perhitungan manual menggunakan bilik hitung, otomatis menggunakan alat hematologi analyzer.
  • Nilai normal trombosit: 150-450 x 10^3 per mikroliter

Indeks Trombosit

  • Hampir sama dengan indeks eritrosit, diperoleh dari hasil analisis hematologi analyzer.
  • MPV (Mean Platelet Volume): rerata ukuran trombosit.
  • Plateletcrit
  • P-LCR : rasio trombosit berukuran besar
  • PDW : variasi ukuran trombosit

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Pemeriksaan Darah Rutin PDF

Description

Pelajari tentang pemeriksaan darah rutin, termasuk metode analisis serta persiapan sampel. Kuiz ini menguji pengetahuan mengenai eritrosit, leukosit, trombosit, dan teknik pemeriksaan manual serta otomatis. Ideal untuk mahasiswa kesehatan dan profesional medis yang ingin memperdalam pemahaman mereka.

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