Pemeriksaan Darah Rutin
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Apa fungsi utama trombosit dalam tubuh?

  • Menyimpan oksigen dalam darah
  • Menjaga integritas pembuluh darah (correct)
  • Menghancurkan bakteri dalam aliran darah
  • Menghasilkan sel darah merah

Apa yang dimaksud dengan trombositosis?

  • Penurunan jumlah trombosit
  • Ketidaknormalan bentuk trombosit
  • Peningkatan jumlah trombosit (correct)
  • Normalisasi jumlah trombosit

Nilai normal jumlah trombosit per mikroliter darah adalah?

  • 150-450 x 10^3 (correct)
  • 50-100 x 10^3
  • 400-600 x 10^3
  • 100-150 x 10^3

Apa singkatan untuk 'Mean Platelet Volume' dalam indeks trombosit?

<p>MPV (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Manakah dari berikut ini yang bukan merupakan salah satu indeks trombosit?

<p>MCV (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa fungsi utama pemeriksaan darah rutin?

<p>Melakukan skrining anemia dan kelainan sel darah lainnya (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa yang digunakan sebagai antikoagulan pada sampel darah untuk pemeriksaan rutin?

<p>EDTA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa ukuran normal eritrosit yang biasanya ditemukan dalam pemeriksaan darah rutin?

<p>6-8 mikrometer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa yang dianjurkan untuk dilakukan setelah sampel darah diambil?

<p>Mengujinya dalam waktu 6 jam pada suhu ruang (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa yang diukur oleh parameter hematokrit?

<p>Rasio volume eritrosit terhadap total volume darah (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa metode yang digunakan untuk mengukur kadar hemoglobin?

<p>Cyanmethemoglobin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Kapan peningkatan kadar eritrosit dapat diindikasikan?

<p>Polisitemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa yang tidak termasuk dalam parameter yang muncul pada pemeriksaan darah rutin?

<p>Tingkat infeksi (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa yang dimaksud dengan Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)?

<p>Rerata volume eritrosit dalam darah (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa yang akan terjadi jika nilai MCV seseorang turun di bawah nilai normal?

<p>Mikrositik (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bagaimana cara menghitung Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH)?

<p>Hb (g/dL) x 10 / AE (x 10^6/µL) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa yang menggambarkan konsentrasi hemoglobin dalam tiap eritrosit?

<p>Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa arti dari RDW yang meningkat dalam analisis darah?

<p>Variasi ukuran eritrosit yang tinggi (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa nilai normal untuk kadar hemoglobin pada perempuan?

<p>36-46% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa yang disebut dengan anemia berdasarkan indeks eritrosit?

<p>Penurunan MCV, MCH, atau MCHC (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa istilah yang digunakan untuk sel darah putih dalam tubuh?

<p>Leukosit (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa yang terjadi pada jumlah leukosit ketika terjadi leukopenia?

<p>Jumlah leukosit berkurang (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa nama alat yang digunakan untuk perhitungan otomatis jumlah leukosit?

<p>Hematology analyzer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Berapa persentase neutrofil yang normal ditemukan dalam darah?

<p>50-70% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa yang dapat menyebabkan eosinofilia?

<p>Proses alergi (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa ciri khas dari limfosit yang terdeteksi pada pemeriksaan darah?

<p>N/C ratio yang tinggi (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dalam situasi apa netropenia dapat terjadi?

<p>Pasca kemoterapi (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa fungsi utama dari basofil yang rendah di dalam darah?

<p>Berpartisipasi dalam respon alergi (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa yang bisa diindikasikan oleh limfositosis?

<p>Infeksi virus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa persentase normal untuk monosit dalam darah?

<p>3-11% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apa yang ditunjukkan oleh peningkatan jumlah neutrofil?

<p>Respon terhadap infeksi bakteri (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Microhematocrit (manual)

A manual method for measuring the volume percentage of red blood cells in blood.

Automated/Semi-automated

Automated or semi-automated methods for measuring blood components, like hematocrit, using machines.

Normal Hemoglobin (Female)

36-46% for female patients

Normal Hemoglobin (Male)

40-54% for male patients

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Red Blood Cell Indices

Calculated values from red blood cell count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit; used to classify anemia

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Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)

Average volume of a red blood cell, reflecting its diameter.

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MCV Formula

Hematocrit (%) x 10 / Red blood cell count

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Normal MCV Range

80-100 femtoliters (fL)

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Microcytic

Small red blood cells, low MCV

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Macrocytic

Large red blood cells, high MCV

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Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH)

Average amount of hemoglobin in a single red blood cell.

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MCH Formula

Hemoglobin (g/dL) x 10 / Red blood cell count

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Normal MCH Range

26-32 picograms (pg)

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Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)

Average concentration of hemoglobin in a single red blood cell.

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MCHC Formula

Hemoglobin (g/dL) x 100 / Hematocrit (%)

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Normal MCHC Range

32-36 g/dL

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Normochromic

Normal MCHC, normal hemoglobin concentration.

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Hypochromic

Low MCHC, low hemoglobin concentration.

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Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)

Variation in size of red blood cells.

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RDW-CV

Calculated measure of variation in red blood cell size (normal is 12-15%).

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RDW-SD

Histogram-derived measure of variation in red blood cell size (normal is 37-54 fL).

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Anisocytosis

High RDW, significant variation in red blood cell size.

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Leukocyte

White blood cell, part of the immune system.

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Routine Blood Test

A test performed on an automated analyzer to measure red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

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Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)

Disc-shaped blood cells containing hemoglobin, which carries oxygen and carbon dioxide.

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Hemoglobin

A protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen.

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Hematocrit

The ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the total blood volume.

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Red Blood Cell Count

Number of red blood cells per volume of blood.

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Blood Sample Collection

Collecting blood samples with appropriate anticoagulants (e.g., EDTA)

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Sample Handling (Pre-analytic)

Proper handling of blood samples to ensure accuracy, including time limits and storage conditions.

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Automated Blood Analysis

Blood analysis using automated machines for precise measurements.

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Manual Blood Analysis

Analysis of blood samples done manually, often used when automated instruments aren't available.

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Platelet count

Number of platelets per microliter of blood.

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Platelet indices

Values describing platelet size and shape, obtained from blood analysis.

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MPV

Average size of platelets.

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Plateletcrit (PCT)

Percentage of blood volume occupied by platelets.

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PDW

Variation in platelet size.

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P-LCR

Ratio of large platelets.

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Normal platelet count

150-450 x 10^3 per microliter.

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Thrombocytosis

High platelet count.

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Thrombocytopenia

Low platelet count.

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Platelet

Small blood cell fragment that stops bleeding.

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Leukocyte types

White blood cells (WBCs) found in the blood, including neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils.

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Leukocyte count

The total number of leukocytes (WBCs) per microliter of blood.

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Normal leukocyte count

The typical range for a healthy leukocyte count is 4-11 x 10^3/µL.

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Leukopenia

A condition where the leukocyte count is lower than normal.

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Leukocytosis

A condition where the leukocyte count is higher than normal.

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Differential leukocyte count

A determination of the percentage of each type of leukocyte in the blood.

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Neutrophils

The most common type of WBC, crucial in the initial response to bacterial infections (50-70%).

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Neutrophilia

An increased percentage of neutrophils in the blood, often seen in acute inflammation or bacterial infections.

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Neutropenia

A decreased percentage of neutrophils in the blood, often seen in patients undergoing chemotherapy.

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Eosinophils

WBC involved in allergic reactions and parasitic infections (2-5%).

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Eosinophilia

An increased percentage of eosinophils, often seen in allergic reactions or parasitic infections.

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Lymphocytes

A type of WBC crucial in the adaptive immune response (20-40%).

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Lymphocytosis

An increased percentage of lymphocytes, often observed in viral infections.

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Lymphopenia

A decreased percentage of lymphocytes, suggestive of immunodeficiency or other issues.

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Monocytes

WBCs that are involved in chronic inflammation and viral infections (3-11%).

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Monocytosis

An increased percentage of monocytes in the blood.

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Basophils

Least common WBC type, also involved in allergic reactions (0-2%).

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Study Notes

Pemeriksaan Darah Rutin

  • Pemeriksaan darah rutin dilakukan pada alat analisis otomatis, yang mengukur eritrosit, leukosit, dan trombosit.
  • Pemeriksaan ini dilakukan secara rutin pada hampir semua pasien di fasilitas kesehatan.
  • Tujuannya untuk skrining anemia, kelainan sel darah lainnya, infeksi, skrining kanker awal, dan respon pasca terapi antibiotik atau pengobatan lainnya.

Pertimbangan Pra-Analisis

  • Sampel harus ditampung dalam wadah dengan antikoagulan yang sesuai (misalnya EDTA, tabung tutup ungu muda).
  • Volume sampel harus cukup agar sesuai dengan rasio darah dan antikoagulan.
  • Sampel harus diperiksa sesegera mungkin (maksimal 6 jam pada suhu ruangan), atau jika disimpan harus mengikuti kaidah yang berlaku.

Metode Pemeriksaan

  • Pemeriksaan darah rutin dapat dilakukan secara manual (biaya rendah, padat karya), semi-otomatis, atau otomatis (biaya tinggi, presisi, tergantung pada alat).

Eritrosit

  • Eritrosit adalah sel darah tanpa nukleus, berbentuk bikonkaf, dan mengandung hemoglobin yang mengangkut oksigen dan CO2.
  • Ukuran eritrosit sekitar 6-8 mikrometer dengan bagian tengah pucat.
  • Parameter yang diukur dalam pemeriksaan darah rutin: jumlah eritrosit, hemoglobin, hematokrit, RDW, dan indeks eritrosit (MCV, MCH, MCHC).

Hitung Eritrosit

  • Menggambarkan jumlah eritrosit per volume darah.
  • Penurunan jumlah disebut anemia, peningkatan disebut polisitemia.
  • Metode yang digunakan:
    • Bilik hitung (manual)
    • Otomatis (metode impedansi, metode hamburan cahaya).
  • Nilai hemoglobin normal:
    • Wanita: 3,8 – 4,8 x 10^6/μL
    • Pria: 4,5 – 5,5 x 10^6/μL

Hemoglobin

  • Protein dalam eritrosit yang mengukur adanya anemia.
  • Metode yang digunakan: cyanmethemoglobin, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) pada alat hematologi.
  • Nilai hemoglobin normal:
    • Wanita: 12-15 g/dL
    • Pria: 14-18 g/dL

Hematokrit

  • Mengukur rasio volume eritrosit terhadap volume darah keseluruhan.
  • Digunakan untuk skrining anemia, menghitung indeks eritrosit bersama jumlah eritrosit dan hemoglobin.
  • Metode yang digunakan:
    • Mikrohematokrit (manual)
    • Otomatis/semi-otomatis
  • Nilai hematokrit normal:
    • Wanita: 36-46%
    • Pria: 40-54%

Indeks Eritrosit

  • Hasil perhitungan dari 3 parameter (hitung eritrosit, hemoglobin, hematokrit).
  • Digunakan untuk mengklasifikasikan anemia.

MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume)

  • Rerata volume eritrosit, mencerminkan ukuran eritrosit.
  • Normal: 80-100 femtoliter (fL)
  • Penurunan = mikrositik
  • Peningkatan = makrositik

MCH (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin)

  • Rerata berat hemoglobin dalam satu eritrosit.
  • Normal: 26-32 pikogram (pg)

MCHC (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration)

  • Rerata konsentrasi hemoglobin dalam satu eritrosit.
  • Normal: 32-36 g/dL
  • Normokromik = MCHC normal
  • Hipokromik = MCHC rendah

RDW (Red Cell Distribution Width)

  • Mengukur variasi ukuran eritrosit.
  • Normal: 12-15%
  • Peningkatan = anisositosis

Leukosit

  • Sel darah putih yang berperan dalam sistem imun.
  • Terdiri dari neutrofil, limfosit, monosit, eosinofil, dan basofil.
  • Parameter yang diukur dalam pemeriksaan darah rutin: jumlah leukosit, hitung jenis sel leukosit.

Hitung Leukosit

  • Jumlah leukosit per mikroliter darah.
  • Normal: 4-11 x 10^3/μL
  • Metode: manual (menggunakan bilik hitung), otomatis (pada alat hematologi).
  • Penurunan = leukopenia, Peningkatan = leukositosis

Hitung Jenis Leukosit

  • Menentukan proporsi jenis leukosit dalam darah tepi.
  • Metode: manual (preparat darah tepi), otomatis (pada alat hematologi).
  • Identifikasi leukosit: 5 jenis atau 3 jenis (neutrofil, limfosit, monosit)

Trombosit

  • Sel darah kecil yang berfungsi dalam proses hemostasis (pembekuan darah).
  • Tidak bernukleus, berukuran 2-4 mikrometer, dan bergranula.
  • Parameter yang diukur dalam pemeriksaan darah rutin: jumlah trombosit, indeks trombosit (MPV, PDW, P-LCR, Plateletcrit).

Jumlah Trombosit

  • Jumlah trombosit per mikroliter darah.
  • Normal: 150-450 x 10^3/μL
  • Metode: manual (menggunakan bilik hitung), otomatis (metode impedansi, hamburan cahaya, pewarnaan fluorescent).
  • Peningkatan = trombositosis (inflamasi, trauma, kelainan klonal)
  • Penurunan = trombositopenia (perdarahan, penyakit, obat)

Indeks Trombosit

  • MPV (Mean Platelet Volume): Rerata ukuran trombosit.
  • Plateletcrit: Persentase trombosit dalam volume darah.
  • P-LCR: Rasio trombosit berukuran besar.
  • PDW (Platelet Distribution Width): Variasi ukuran trombosit (analog RDW).

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Pemeriksaan Darah Rutin PDF

Description

Quiz ini menguji pengetahuan tentang pemeriksaan darah rutin, termasuk proses, persyaratan pra-analisis, dan metode pemeriksaan. Ini juga membahas mengenai peran eritrosit, leukosit, dan trombosit dalam analisis hasil. Pertanyaan berkisar pada teknik yang digunakan dan tujuan pemeriksaan dalam konteks kesehatan.

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