Pelvic Anatomy and Muscles Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the lateral ligaments of the bladder in adults?

To contain the caudal portion of the ureter and round ligament of the bladder (correct)

To form the primary blood supply for the bladder

To support the bladder and contain retroperitoneal fat

To assist in the contraction of the bladder during urination

Which zone of the anal canal is characterized by fine hairs and openings of the paranal sinus?

Muscular zone

Cutaneous zone (correct)

Columnar zone

Intermediate zone

What anatomical structure is located between the rectum and the genital fold in males?

Pubovesical pouch

Vesicogenital pouch

Rectogenital pouch (correct)

Pararectal fossa

Which of the following statements is true regarding the urinary bladder?

The neck of the bladder remains fixed within the pelvic cavity when full Signup and view all the answers

In fetal anatomy, what does the median ligament of the bladder primarily contain?

Portions of the umbilical arteries and urachus Signup and view all the answers

What is the main consequence of failure of the pelvic diaphragm?

Formation of a perineal hernia Signup and view all the answers

What structure is located laterally to the mesorectum?

Pararectal fossa Signup and view all the answers

What is the ventral boundary of the pelvic inlet?

Pecten of the pubis Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is more medial and thinner in the pelvic diaphragm?

Levator ani Signup and view all the answers

What structure serves as the dorsal boundary of the pelvic outlet?

First caudal vertebra Signup and view all the answers

Which vessels and nerves are located in the ischiorectal fossa?

Internal pudendal vessels and pudendal nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the internal anal sphincter?

Smooth muscle with ANS innervation Signup and view all the answers

What muscle is primarily responsible for retaining pelvic viscera in the pelvic canal?

Levator ani Signup and view all the answers

The lateral boundary of the pelvic outlet is formed by which structure?

Sacrotuberous ligament Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect differentiates male and female urethra?

Length and shape Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical space is located between the anus and the ischiatic tuberosity?

Ischiorectal fossa Signup and view all the answers

What structure surrounds the female urethra?

Urethralis muscle Signup and view all the answers

Which arteries supply the female pelvic viscera?

Internal iliac arteries Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pudendal nerve in relation to the urethra?

Innervation of the urethralis muscle Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the male urethra from the female urethra?

The presence of the colliculus seminalis Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the female urethra's anatomy?

Includes a suburethral diverticulum Signup and view all the answers

What artery continues as the median sacral artery, supplying blood to the sacrum?

Aorta Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the male urethra is surrounded by the urethralis muscle?

Pelvic urethra Signup and view all the answers

What is the remnant of the umbilical artery in adults?

Round ligament of the urinary bladder Signup and view all the answers

Which structure of the male urethra allows multiple prostatic openings?

Colliculus seminalis Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Pelvic Diaphragm

The pelvic diaphragm is made of muscle
It stabilizes the anal canal and rectum
The pelvic diaphragm is made up of the coccygeus and levator ani muscles
The levator ani muscle is more medial and the coccygeus muscle is more lateral
The levator ani muscle is responsible for holding the pelvic viscera in the pelvic canal

Ischiorectal Fossa

The ischiorectal fossa is a space between the anus and the ischiatic tuberosity
It is excluded from the pelvic cavity by the pelvic diaphragm
The ischiorectal fossa is made up of fat
It is located between the anus and the ischiatic tuberosity
Contains the internal pudendal vessels and pudendal nerve

Muscles of the Rectum and Anal Canal

The internal anal sphincter is made of smooth muscle and is located deep to the anal sacs
The internal anal sphincter is innervated by the autonomic nervous system and is responsible for maintaining tone in the anal canal
The external anal sphincter is made of striated muscle and is located superficial to the anal sacs
The external anal sphincter is innervated by the somatic nervous system and is responsible for voluntary control of the anal canal

Female Urethra

The female urethra opens ventrally at the junction of the vestibule and the vagina
The female urethra is surrounded by the urethralis/urethral muscle, which is the external urethral sphincter
The external urethral sphincter is innervated by the pudendal nerve
The suburethral diverticulum is a blind pouch ventral to the urethral opening in cows and sows

Male Urethra

Two parts: pelvic urethra and penile urethra
The colliculus seminalis is an elevated region on the urethral crest
The colliculus seminalis contains the opening of the deferent ducts and many prostatic openings
The pelvic urethra is surrounded by the urethralis/urethral muscle, which is the voluntary sphincter
The urethralis/urethral muscle is innervated by the pudendal nerve

Pelvic Viscera Blood Supply

The aorta sends branches to the pelvic viscera
The external iliac artery is bilateral and supplies the pelvic limb
The internal iliac artery is bilateral and supplies the pelvic viscera
The median sacral artery is unpaired and supplies the sacrum and continues as the median caudal artery which supplies the caudal vertebrae (coccygeal)
The umbilical artery carries blood to the placenta in the fetus and becomes the round ligament of the bladder in the adult

Terminal Branches of the Internal Iliac Artery

The internal pudendal artery supplies the vagina/prostate, uterus/ductus deferens, caudal vesical artery, middle rectal artery, and the ventral perineal artery
The ventral perineal artery supplies the caudal rectal artery
The cranial gluteal artery supplies the middle and deep gluteal muscles

Pelvic Viscera Innervation

The pelvic plexus supplies both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems to the pelvic viscera
The hypogastric nerve supplies the SNS to the pelvic viscera
The pelvic nerve supplies the PSNS to the pelvic viscera
The genitofemoral nerve supplies somatic innervation to the cremaster muscle and sensory innervation to the proximal medial aspect of the thigh, and the inguinal region
The pudendal nerve supplies somatic motor innervation to the muscles of the pelvic viscera (external urethral sphincter, external anal sphincter), the perineum (muscles of the penis and clitoris, scrotum) and sensory innervation to the pelvic viscera, rectum, anus, scrotum/vulva, penis, clitoris, perineum, and internal and external reproductive organs

Pelvic Viscera Lymphatics

The medial iliac lymph nodes are located between the deep circumflex iliac artery and the external iliac artery
The medial iliac lymph nodes drain the dorsal aspect of the abdomen, the pelvis, pelvic limb, genital tract, and caudal aspect of the urinary and digestive systems
The internal iliac lymph nodes are located between the internal iliac artery and the median sacral artery
The internal iliac lymph nodes drain the musculature in the area, pelvis, lumbar, sacral, and caudal vertebrae, genital system, caudal digestive and urinary systems
The sacral lymph nodes are not always present. They drain similar structures as the hypogastric lymph nodes.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the pelvic diaphragm, ischiorectal fossa, and the muscles associated with the rectum and anal canal. This quiz covers the anatomy and functions of these critical structures in human physiology.