Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) Overview

The declining elasticity of pelvic floor muscles and ligaments due to age weakens support, leading to organ descent.

The abdominal muscles predominantly contribute to core strength and stability, but the muscles surrounding the pelvic floor (pelvic diaphragm) provide direct structural support to the pelvic organs.

Repeated vaginal deliveries, especially those involving large babies or prolonged labor, can cause stretching and weakening of pelvic floor muscles and ligaments, increasing the risk of POP.

Mockenrodt's ligaments are strong fibrous bands connecting the cervix to the pelvic wall, acting as the primary anchoring point for the uterus.

An anteflexed position implies the uterus being bent forward, keeping the cervix in a position where it's less likely to descend under pressure.

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) affects a significant number of women, impacting their quality of life.

Weakened pelvic floor muscles and ligaments are the primary reason for organ descent, making it the main predisposing factor for POP.

The uterosacral ligaments run from the sacrum (back bone area) to the cervix, providing posterior support for the uterus.

Pubo-coccygeus muscle, a key part of the pelvic floor, directly supports the uterus and prevents its downward movement.

In 2nd degree POP, the cervical opening extends to or near the vaginal opening.

Vault prolapse occurs after hysterectomy, when the top part of the vagina (vault) descends due to weakened support.

Difficult childbirth with a large baby puts immense pressure on the pelvic floor, making it a major factor in POP development.

Urethrocele involves the urethra and part of the vagina descending, causing dysfunction and possible urinary issues.

The most severe form of uterine prolapse, where the uterus fully protrudes outside the vaginal opening.

Enterocele occurs when the upper part of the posterior vaginal wall descends, creating a bulging sac that may involve the intestine.