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Questions and Answers
Which muscle is primarily responsible for hip extension?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for hip extension?
What is the nerve supply for the Semimembranosus muscle?
What is the nerve supply for the Semimembranosus muscle?
Which structure limits hip extension beyond midline?
Which structure limits hip extension beyond midline?
What action does the Biceps Femoris perform in relation to the knee?
What action does the Biceps Femoris perform in relation to the knee?
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What is the insertion point for the Gluteus Maximus?
What is the insertion point for the Gluteus Maximus?
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What is the primary action of the Semitendinosus muscle?
What is the primary action of the Semitendinosus muscle?
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What is a consequence of weakness in the Gluteus Maximus muscle?
What is a consequence of weakness in the Gluteus Maximus muscle?
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Which muscles are considered primary hip extensors?
Which muscles are considered primary hip extensors?
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Which primary muscle is involved in pelvic elevation?
Which primary muscle is involved in pelvic elevation?
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What is the approximate range of motion for hip flexion with the knee flexed?
What is the approximate range of motion for hip flexion with the knee flexed?
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What limits the range of motion of pelvic elevation?
What limits the range of motion of pelvic elevation?
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Which accessory muscle contributes to hip flexion?
Which accessory muscle contributes to hip flexion?
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What is the origin of the Psoas Major muscle?
What is the origin of the Psoas Major muscle?
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Which muscle is NOT primarily involved in hip flexion?
Which muscle is NOT primarily involved in hip flexion?
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What effect does weakness of hip flexors have on movement?
What effect does weakness of hip flexors have on movement?
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Which of the following statements about iliacus is incorrect?
Which of the following statements about iliacus is incorrect?
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Study Notes
Pelvic Elevation, Hip Flexion, and Extension
- Objectives: Identify muscles involved in pelvic elevation, hip flexion, and extension; determine range of motion; describe effects of weakness.
- Content: Primary muscles in pelvic elevation, hip flexion, and extension, range of motion, effects of hip flexion/extension weakness.
Pelvic Elevation Motion
- Primary Muscles: Quadratus Lumborum
- Range of Motion: Pelvis can be raised on one side until the foot is clear of the floor (Quadratus Lumborum reverse action).
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Limiting Factors:
- Tension of spinal ligaments opposing side
- Contact of iliac crest with thorax
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Quadratus Lumborum Muscle Anatomy:
- Origin: Iliac crest, iliolumbar ligament
- Insertion: Transverse processes of L1-L4, iliolumbar ligament, inferior border of 12th rib
- Nerve Supply: Anterior primary rami of T12, L1, L2, L3
Hip Flexion Motion
- Primary Muscles: Psoas major, Iliacus
- Range of Motion: Approximately 115-125 degrees (knee flexed)
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Limiting Factors:
- Thigh contact with abdomen (knee flexion)
- Hamstring tension (knee extension)
- Accessory Muscles: Rectus Femoris, Sartorius, Tensor Fasciae Latae, Pectineus
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Psoas Major Muscle Anatomy:
- Origin: Transverse processes of L1-L5, bodies of T12-L5 and intervertebral discs below bodies of T12-L4.
- Insertion: Middle surface of lesser trochanter of femur
- Action: Flexes and laterally rotates hip
- Nerve Supply: Anterior primary rami of L1, L2, L3, L4
Hip Extension Motion
- Primary Muscles: Gluteus Maximus, Biceps Femoris, Semimembranosus, Semitendinosus
- Range of Motion: 115-125 degrees extension, extension beyond midline 0-10/15 degrees
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Limiting Factors:
- Iliofemoral ligament tension
- Hip flexor muscle tension
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Gluteus Maximus Muscle Anatomy:
- Origin: Outer surface of ilium behind posterior gluteal line, posterior third of iliac crest, lumbar fascia, lateral mass of sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament, coccyx
- Insertion: Gluteal tuberosity of femur, iliotibial tract (anterior surface of lateral condyle of tibia)
- Action: Extends and laterally rotates hip, maintains knee extension via iliotibial tract
- Nerve Supply: Inferior gluteal nerve
Anatomy of Other Muscles
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Biceps Femoris (Lateral Hamstring):
- Origin: Ischial tuberosity (long head); Linea aspera, lateral supracondylar ridge of femur (short head)
- Insertion: Styloid process of fibula, lateral collateral ligament, lateral tibial condyle
- Action: Flexes and laterally rotates knee, extends hip
- Nerve Supply: Long head: tibial portion of sciatic nerve; Short Head: common peroneal portion of sciatic nerve
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Semimembranosus (Medial Hamstring):
- Origin: Ischial tuberosity
- Insertion: Medial condyle of tibia
- Action: Flexes and medially rotates knee, extends hip
- Nerve Supply: Tibial portion of sciatic nerve
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Semitendinosus (Medial Hamstring):
- Origin: Ischial tuberosity
- Insertion: Upper medial shaft of tibia
- Action: Flexes and medially rotates knee, extends hip
- Nerve Supply: Tibial portion of sciatic nerve
Effects of Weakness
- Hip Flexor Weakness: Impacts activities like stair climbing, incline walking, and rising from a seated or reclined position
- Hip Extensor Weakness: Severe weakness can make walking extremely difficult, requiring crutches.
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Description
Test your understanding of pelvic elevation, hip flexion, and extension in this quiz. You will identify the primary muscles involved, evaluate the range of motion, and recognize the effects of muscle weakness. Designed for students studying anatomy and kinesiology.
