Pelvic Anatomy and Kinesiology

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is the PRIMARY role of the pelvis?

  • To facilitate upper body rotation.
  • To house the brain and protect it from impact.
  • To enable fine motor movements of the hands and feet.
  • To connect the spine to the lower extremities, allowing for weight transfer and shock absorption. (correct)

What bony structures fuse together to form the acetabulum?

  • Femur, tibia, and fibula.
  • Ilium, ischium, and pubis. (correct)
  • Sacrum, coccyx, and ilium.
  • The five fused sacral vertebrae.

Which of the following is the primary function of the sacroiliac, sacrospinous, and sacrotuberous ligaments?

  • To allow passage of the sciatic nerve.
  • To enable the pelvis to expand during childbirth.
  • To facilitate a wide range of motion at the hip joint.
  • To stabilize the pelvis and limit excessive movement. (correct)

What passes through the small opening in the obturator foramen, which is otherwise closed off by the obturator membrane?

<p>Obturator nerve, artery, and vein (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which movement of the pelvis is characterized by a forward rotation, leading to an increased lumbar lordosis?

<p>Anterior pelvic tilt (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During walking, what type of pelvic tilt helps to minimize the vertical displacement of the center of gravity?

<p>Lateral pelvic tilt (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles contributes to posterior pelvic tilt?

<p>Gluteus maximus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of muscles plays a crucial role in controlling pelvic tilt and spinal stability?

<p>Abdominal muscles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In addition to facilitating forward movement, what is another benefit of pelvic rotation in the transverse plane during walking?

<p>Increased stride length (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition does weakness in the gluteus medius often indicate?

<p>Pelvic instability (Trendelenburg sign) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does anterior pelvic tilt affect the lumbar spine?

<p>It increases lumbar lordosis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pelvic floor muscles?

<p>To support the pelvic organs and to contribute to continence and sexual function. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following movements occurs in transverse plane?

<p>Pelvic rotation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles stabilize the pelvis in frontal plane during single-leg stance?

<p>Hip abductors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can result from limited pelvic mobility?

<p>Impaired functional activities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the sacrum in pelvic anatomy?

<p>It articulates with the ilium at the Sacroiliac joints. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles contribute MOST to anterior pelvic tilt?

<p>iliopsoas and rectus femoris (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential consequence of excessive anterior pelvic tilt?

<p>Lower back pain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do hip adductor muscles influence pelvic movement and stability?

<p>By contributing to pelvic stability and movement in adduction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the MAIN effect of posterior pelvic tilt on the lumbar spine?

<p>Flattening of the lumbar spine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect by the coordination between pelvic and spinal movements?

<p>Maintaining balance and efficient locomotion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle group is primarily responsible for generating force during hip extension, contributing to movements such as standing up from a seated position?

<p>Hip extensors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of pelvic kinesiology, what is the term for movements occurring in the frontal plane?

<p>Tilting. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the weight transfer distributed in the pelvis?

<p>From the spine to the lower extremities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of movements can cause altered pelvic alignment?

<p>Muscle imbalances. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct sequence of fused components of the bony pelvis?

<p>ilium - ischium - pubis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical significance when the contralateral hip drops (Trendelenburg sign)?

<p>Pelvic instability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the MAIN implication of kinesiology in the pelvis?

<p>Understanding its movements in three planes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action could be affected by limited mobility?

<p>lifting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is MOST responsible for shock absorption?

<p>pelvis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscle groups, when weakened, would MOST directly contribute to pelvic instability in the frontal plane during walking?

<p>Hip abductors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between posture, balance, locomotion and the pelvis?

<p>They are all facilitated by movements in the pelvis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient reports experiencing sharp, localized pain in their lower back that worsens with prolonged standing and twisting movements. Imaging reveals a slight anterior pelvic tilt. Which muscle imbalance is MOST likely contributing to the patient's condition?

<p>Weak abdominal muscles and tight hip flexors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A physical therapist is assessing a patient with suspected sacroiliac (SI) joint dysfunction. Which combination of findings would MOST strongly suggest involvement of the SI joint?

<p>Localized pain near the PSIS, pain with palpation of the SI joint, and altered movement patterns during gait (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During a gait analysis, a patient exhibits excessive lateral trunk sway during the stance phase. Which of the following impairments is MOST likely contributing to this observation?

<p>Weak hip abductors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a weightlifting program, which exercise would be MOST effective at strengthening the muscles responsible for posterior pelvic tilt?

<p>Romanian deadlifts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient with chronic lower back pain is prescribed exercises to improve pelvic stability. Which exercise would be MOST appropriate for targeting the transverse abdominis muscle?

<p>Bird dog exercise (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During a physical assessment, a patient exhibits difficulty maintaining balance while standing on one leg. Which muscle group is MOST likely impaired, leading to this instability?

<p>Hip abductors (gluteus medius and minimus) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with a flattened lumbar spine and reports difficulty bending forward. Which pelvic motion is MOST likely limited in this patient?

<p>Anterior pelvic tilt (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A runner reports experiencing increased effort and reduced stride length. Which pelvic movement is MOST likely limited, contributing to these symptoms?

<p>Transverse pelvic rotation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient is diagnosed with sacroiliac (SI) joint dysfunction. Which of the following ligament groups is MOST likely involved, contributing to the patient's symptoms?

<p>Sacroiliac, sacrospinous, and sacrotuberous ligaments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During a gait analysis, a physical therapist observes that a patient has excessive hip adduction during stance phase, deviating from normal pelvic alignment. Which muscle group is MOST likely weak or inhibited, contributing to this gait pattern?

<p>Hip abductors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Bony Pelvis

Bony structure composed of the ilium, ischium, and pubis.

Acetabulum

Where the ilium, ischium, and pubis fuse to form the socket for the hip joint.

Sacrum

Five fused vertebrae that articulate with the ilium

Pelvic Ligaments

Ligaments that stabilize the pelvis and limit excessive movements.

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Obturator Foramen

Large opening in the pelvis closed off by a membrane.

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Pelvic Floor Muscles

Muscles supporting pelvic organs, contributing to continence and sexual function.

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Anterior Pelvic Tilt

Forward rotation of the pelvis, increasing lumbar lordosis.

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Posterior Pelvic Tilt

Backward rotation of the pelvis, flattening the lumbar spine.

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Lateral Pelvic Tilt

Tilting of the pelvis during the stance phase of gait.

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Hip Flexors

Hip muscles that contribute to anterior pelvic tilt.

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Hip Extensors

Hip muscles that contribute to posterior pelvic tilt.

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Hip Abductors

Hip muscles that stabilize the pelvis in the frontal plane during single-leg stance.

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Hip Adductors

Hip muscles that contribute to pelvic stability and movement in adduction

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Abdominal Muscles

Muscles that play a crucial role in controlling pelvic tilt and spinal stability.

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Erector Spinae

Back muscles influencing pelvic tilt.

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Pelvic Rotation

Pelvic movement in transverse plane which facilitates forward progression and increases stride length while walking.

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Trendelenburg Sign

Hip drop on one side of pelvis during single leg stance

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Pelvis Function

Connects spine to lower extremities, transfers weight, and absorbs shock.

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Study Notes

  • Pelvic anatomy encompasses the bony pelvis, ligaments, muscles, and the pelvic floor, all crucial for support, movement, and protection of internal organs
  • Kinesiology of the pelvis involves understanding its movements in three planes: sagittal, frontal, and transverse, affecting posture, balance, and locomotion
  • The pelvis connects the spine to the lower extremities, playing a pivotal role in weight transfer and shock absorption during movement.
  • The bony pelvis consists of the ilium, ischium, and pubis, which fuse to form the acetabulum, the socket for the hip joint
  • The sacrum, composed of five fused vertebrae and the coccyx, articulates with the ilium at the sacroiliac joints
  • Pelvic ligaments, including the sacroiliac, sacrospinous, and sacrotuberous ligaments, stabilize the pelvis and limit excessive movement
  • The obturator foramen is a large opening in the pelvis, closed off by the obturator membrane, with the obturator nerve, artery, and vein passing through a small opening
  • The pelvic floor muscles, including the levator ani and coccygeus, support the pelvic organs and contribute to continence and sexual function

Pelvic Movements

  • Anterior pelvic tilt involves the pelvis rotating forward, increasing the lumbar lordosis
  • Posterior pelvic tilt involves the pelvis rotating backward, flattening the lumbar spine
  • Lateral pelvic tilt involves one side of the pelvis dropping lower than the other, often seen during walking
  • Pelvic rotation occurs in the transverse plane, influencing the position and movement of the lower extremities and trunk

Muscles Acting on the Pelvis

  • Hip flexors, such as the iliopsoas and rectus femoris, contribute to anterior pelvic tilt
  • Hip extensors, such as the gluteus maximus and hamstrings, contribute to posterior pelvic tilt
  • Hip abductors, such as the gluteus medius and minimus, stabilize the pelvis in the frontal plane during single-leg stance
  • Hip adductors, such as the adductor magnus, longus, and brevis, contribute to pelvic stability and movement in adduction
  • The abdominal muscles, including the rectus abdominis, obliques, and transverse abdominis, play a crucial role in controlling pelvic tilt and spinal stability
  • Erector spinae muscles, located in the back, also influence pelvic tilt

Biomechanics of Pelvic Motion

  • During walking, the pelvis rotates in the transverse plane to facilitate forward progression and increase stride length
  • The pelvis tilts laterally during the stance phase of gait to reduce the vertical displacement of the center of gravity
  • Coordination between pelvic and spinal movements is essential for maintaining balance and efficient locomotion
  • Muscle imbalances can lead to altered pelvic alignment and movement patterns, contributing to pain and dysfunction
  • Weakness in the gluteus medius can cause the contralateral hip to drop during single-leg stance (Trendelenburg sign), indicating pelvic instability
  • Excessive anterior pelvic tilt can contribute to lower back pain
  • Limited pelvic mobility can impair functional activities, such as bending, lifting, and twisting.

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