Questions and Answers
Which of the following measures would decrease the incidence of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome?
Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis for a 3-year-old child with blood in diapers for 2 days and pale conjunctiva?
Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis for a patient with fecal incontinence and passage of vaginal flatus after vaginal delivery?
What is the most appropriate next investigation after a second pap smear showed Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US)?
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Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis for a swelling on one side of the labia that has not improved over 24 hours?
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The patient's symptoms might be associated with which of the following conditions if microscopy reveals budding yeast and pseudohyphae?
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What is the diagnosis for a 33-year-old female with thick, odorless, white cottage cheese-like vaginal discharge after finishing antibiotics?
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What is the most appropriate initial step for an 81-year-old female with low back pain and features of a lumbar compression fracture?
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What GFR level should metformin be stopped in a diabetic patient?
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How old is the baby if the mother was advised to start iron supplements next month while exclusively breastfeeding?
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What is the management for a patient with appendicitis complicated by a 10 x 15 cm appendicular abscess?
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Study Notes
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
- Use of a pacifier at bedtime may decrease the incidence of SIDS.
- Avoid prone sleep position and soft sleeping mattresses to reduce risk.
Pediatric Hematochezia
- A 3-year-old child with blood in diapers and pale conjunctiva, presenting without abdominal pain, is likely experiencing Meckel's diverticulum.
- Prior similar presentations raise suspicion for recurring gastrointestinal issues.
Postpartum Complications
- Fecal incontinence and vaginal flatus passage in a woman one week after vaginal delivery suggests recto-vaginal fistula.
- Prompt investigation and management are essential for recovery.
Cervical Screening Results
- An adult woman with ASC-US on a pap smear requires a colposcopy for further investigation after persistent abnormal results post-treatment with vaginal estrogen.
Vulvar Cyst Diagnosis
- A 25-year-old woman's non-tender cystic mass on the labia is likely a Bartholin cyst, especially if it is mobile and has not resolved with warm tub soaking.
Vaginal Discharge and Infections
- A 48-year-old woman presenting with white, curd-like discharge and yeast on microscopy likely has a condition associated with diabetes mellitus.
- Thick, odorless vaginal discharge resembling cottage cheese in a 33-year-old post-antibiotics indicates candidiasis.
Management of Back Pain and Fractures
- An elderly woman with low back pain following a cough and diagnosed with a lumbar compression fracture should initially be given acetaminophen for pain management.
Trauma Assessment
- A palpable thrill is a hard sign indicating potential vascular injury in trauma patients.
Metformin in Diabetic Patients
- Metformin should be discontinued when the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) falls below 30.
Pediatric Supplementation
- A 3-month-old exclusively breastfed baby may start receiving iron supplements next month as per pediatric guidelines.
Biliary Colic in Pregnancy
- A 10-week pregnant patient complaining of biliary colic is advised to undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the second trimester for optimal management.
Appendicitis Management
- A patient with appendicitis complicated by an abscess should be managed with percutaneous drainage, rather than surgical options initially.
Serious Complications of Back Pain
- A patient exhibiting fever and inability to move lower limbs after NSAID treatment may require immediate evaluation for potential serious underlying conditions such as spinal issues.
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Description
Test your knowledge on important pediatric conditions, including Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and gastrointestinal issues in children. Assess your understanding of preventative measures and clinical presentations related to pediatric health. Ideal for medical students and practicing pediatricians.
