Pediatric Conditions Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is a common treatment approach for adolescents with eating disorders?

  • Behavioral therapy and nutritional counseling (correct)
  • Antidepressant medication only
  • Inpatient psychiatric care
  • Strict dietary restrictions

Which symptom is typically associated with appendicitis in children?

  • Persistent cough
  • Loose stools
  • Frequent urination
  • Fever and vomiting (correct)

What is a recognized risk factor for Epididymitis in children?

  • Exposure to cold weather
  • Being overweight
  • Previous testicular surgery
  • History of urinary tract infections (correct)

In diagnosing Nocturnal Enuresis, which factor is important to assess?

<p>Family history of bladder dysfunction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What management strategy is most effective for ADHD in children without using stimulants?

<p>Non-stimulant medications (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is a common sign of Pyelonephritis in children?

<p>High-grade fever (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is most likely when a child presents with signs of Hirschsprung Disease?

<p>Severe constipation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR)?

<p>Congenital abnormalities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is crucial for screening adolescents for depression according to USPSTF recommendations?

<p>Use of structured screening tools (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What physical finding is commonly associated with Testicular Torsion?

<p>Absence of cremasteric reflex (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant characteristic of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) that can be observed in children?

<p>Difficulty with social interactions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is primarily characterized by an obstruction caused by an absence of ganglion cells in the colon?

<p>Hirschsprung Disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a lesser-known risk factor for developing Testicular Torsion in children?

<p>Undescended testicles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common treatment option for Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)?

<p>Azithromycin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception regarding the management of Nocturnal Enuresis in children?

<p>It will resolve without any interventions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is commonly misdiagnosed when considering symptoms like abdominal pain in children?

<p>Intussusception (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What critical factor differentiates Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR) from other urinary conditions in children?

<p>Reflux of urine from the bladder to the kidneys (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity in teens, which statement is most accurate concerning dietary management?

<p>Balanced nutrition is key along with exercise (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is crucial to determining whether a pregnant teen can make her own medical decisions?

<p>Her age and maturity level (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which dietary approach is generally considered ineffective for managing eating disorders in adolescents?

<p>Intermittent fasting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is associated with an increased risk of constipation in infants?

<p>Pyloric Stenosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important consideration when screening for Depression in adolescents?

<p>History of eating disorders (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which imaging technique is most commonly utilized to diagnose Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease?

<p>X-ray (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic that differentiates Testicular Torsion from Epididymitis?

<p>Duration of pain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR) primarily affect urinary tract health in children?

<p>Leads to recurrent urinary tract infections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key symptom of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) in children?

<p>Confusion and disorientation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a risk factor for developing eating disorders during adolescence?

<p>High academic pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How frequently is nocturnal enuresis observed in children, according to population studies?

<p>10-20% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 'whiff' test in diagnosing Bacterial Vaginosis?

<p>To determine pH levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What consideration is crucial in managing Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) in sexually active teens?

<p>Promotion of safe sex practices (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common risk factor for developing Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) in adolescents?

<p>High levels of stress (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment option is typically recommended for Managing Depression in Children?

<p>Antidepressant medications (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the incidence of Testicular Torsion in children?

<p>It often occurs without prior symptoms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary indication for diagnosing Congenital Hypothyroidism in infants?

<p>Poor feeding habits (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the treatment approach for adolescents with Eating Disorders?

<p>Involving family-based therapy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates Hypospadias from other male genital conditions?

<p>Location of the urethral opening (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR), which statement is most accurate?

<p>It leads to higher instances of urinary tract infections. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of Type 2 Diabetes in adolescents?

<p>Insulin resistance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tool is commonly used for screening anxiety and depression in children?

<p>Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common method to treat Anorexia in adolescents?

<p>Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a significant factor in diagnosing Pyloric Stenosis in infants?

<p>Persistent vomiting and dehydration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of depression screening in adolescents, which strategy is recommended?

<p>Annual screening regardless of symptoms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key management strategy for treating Testicular Torsion?

<p>Immediate surgical intervention (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following physical findings is indicative of Hydrocele in children?

<p>Painless swelling of the scrotum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment option is supported for managing Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)?

<p>Oral antibiotics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the evaluation of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in children, which symptom should be prioritized?

<p>Frequent urination with urgency (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable complication associated with Nocturnal Enuresis in children?

<p>Low self-esteem and social withdrawal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common sign of Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in children?

<p>Difficulty in imaginative play (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When screening for eating disorders in adolescents, which behavior is most concerning?

<p>Secrecy about eating patterns (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the risk factors for Developing Type 2 Diabetes in teens?

<p>Obesity and family history of diabetes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal in the management of Nocturnal Enuresis?

<p>To ensure complete nighttime dryness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Hypospadias, which treatment option is considered least effective?

<p>Cryotherapy to alter the urethral opening (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which risk factor is most associated with depression in children?

<p>Family history of mental illness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable symptom of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) in adolescents?

<p>Chronic diarrhea alternating with constipation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is commonly observed in children experiencing Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)?

<p>Altered consciousness or confusion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In teenagers diagnosed with Eating Disorders, which psychological condition often coexists?

<p>Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended initial approach for screening children for anxiety disorders?

<p>Conducting a structured clinical interview (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor is critical in differentiating between distinct types of urinary incontinence in children?

<p>Timing of the urinary episodes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which screening method is most effective for identifying adolescents at risk for Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD)?

<p>Electrocardiogram (ECG) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception regarding the diagnosis of Appendicitis in children?

<p>It always presents with abdominal pain in the lower right quadrant. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main management strategy for Nocturnal Enuresis in children?

<p>Behavioral therapy combined with medication (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is most closely associated with the risk of developmental delays in infants?

<p>Congenital Hypothyroidism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significant characteristic of Testicular Torsion requiring immediate intervention?

<p>Sudden severe pain with nausea (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the management of Hypospadias is correct?

<p>Surgery is typically performed at birth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In adolescents, what is a key factor in differentiating between Anorexia and Bulimia?

<p>Presence of binge-eating episodes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern when managing Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) in children?

<p>Preventing kidney damage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common treatment approach for Depression in Children?

<p>Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) combined with medication (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which physical finding is most indicative of a diagnosis of Testicular Torsion?

<p>High-riding affected testis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key indicator of complications in adolescents with Type 2 Diabetes?

<p>Recurrent skin infections (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable complication arising from Hypospadias if left untreated?

<p>Development of psychosexual issues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Pyloric Stenosis

A narrowing of the pyloric sphincter, a muscle at the end of the stomach, leading to vomiting.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

A developmental disability affecting communication and social interaction.

Hirschsprung Disease

A congenital disorder affecting the large intestine, causing constipation.

Appendicitis

Inflammation of the appendix, a small tube-like organ attached to the large intestine.

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Eating Disorders

Conditions characterized by abnormal eating habits and behaviors.

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Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

Damage to the brain caused by an external force.

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Depression in Adolescents

A mood disorder affecting teens, characterized by persistent sadness and loss of interest.

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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

A chronic condition causing abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habits.

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Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in Children

Infection of the urinary system, common in children.

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Vesicoureteral Reflux

A condition where urine flows back up the ureters into the kidneys.

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USPSTF Recommendations: Anxiety and Depression

The US Preventive Services Task Force recommends screening children for anxiety and depression.

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Diagnostic Criteria for IBS

Criteria include recurrent abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habits, not caused by other conditions.

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Pyelonephritis

An infection of the kidneys, often caused by a UTI.

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Nocturnal Enuresis

Bedwetting, often caused by delayed bladder control, hormonal imbalances, or sleep problems.

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Undescended Testes

One or both testes haven't moved down into the scrotum by the time of birth.

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Hydrocele, Spermatocele, Varicocele

Hydrocele: Fluid in the scrotum; Spermatocele: Cyst in the epididymis; Varicocele: Enlarged veins in the scrotum.

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Epididymitis

Inflammation of the epididymis, usually caused by a bacterial infection.

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Hypospadias

A condition where the opening of the urethra isn't in the usual spot at the tip of the penis.

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What is the main treatment for eating disorders in adolescents?

The mainstay of treatment for eating disorders in adolescents is a multidisciplinary approach involving therapy, nutritional counseling, and medical monitoring. This collaborative effort aims to address the underlying psychological and physical factors contributing to the disorder.

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What is the difference between SCAT5 and SCAT tools for TBI?

SCAT 5 is a comprehensive tool for assessing concussion in athletes, while SCAT tools are simpler assessments used for general populations. SCAT 5 involves detailed cognitive tests, while SCAT tools focus on basic cognitive functions.

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What are the diagnostic criteria for Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)?

IBS is diagnosed based on specific criteria including: recurrent abdominal pain or discomfort at least 3 days per month in the past 3 months, associated with two or more of the following: improvement with defecation, onset associated with a change in stool frequency, or onset associated with a change in stool form. These symptoms must not be better explained by another gastrointestinal disorder.

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What are the signs and symptoms of Pyelonephritis in children?

Pyelonephritis, a kidney infection, often presents with fever, abdominal pain, vomiting, and frequent urination, sometimes with blood or cloudy urine. The pain can be localized to the back or flank, and the child may appear ill.

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What are the common risk factors for Epididymitis?

Common risk factors for epididymitis include sexually transmitted infections (STIs), such as chlamydia and gonorrhea, as well as urinary tract infections (UTIs) and recent catheterization. It's also more prevalent in men who are sexually active or have a history of STIs.

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What conditions are contraindicated in Hypospadias?

Circumcision is contraindicated in hypospadias, as the foreskin may be needed for reconstructive surgery. Also, delaying surgical correction beyond infancy can lead to complications.

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What is the incidence of Testicular Torsion?

Testicular torsion, a twisting of the spermatic cord, is a rare condition, occurring in about 1 out of 4,000 males.

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What are the common risk factors for Paraphimosis?

Paraphimosis occurs when the foreskin gets stuck behind the glans of the penis, leading to swelling and pain. This can happen with tight foreskin, poor hygiene, or trauma.

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What are the patterns of menstruation after menarche?

After menarche, the first menstrual period, cycles can be irregular for several years, but gradually become more predictable. The average length of a menstrual cycle is 28 days, but it can vary between 21 and 35 days.

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What are the treatment options for Bacterial Vaginosis?

Treatment for Bacterial Vaginosis typically involves oral or topical antibiotics, such as metronidazole or clindamycin. It's important to treat BV to prevent complications like pelvic inflammatory disease.

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Testicular Torsion

A twisting of the spermatic cord, cutting off blood supply to the testicle, causing severe pain and requiring immediate surgery.

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Paraphimosis

A condition where the foreskin is retracted and cannot be returned to its normal position over the glans, causing pain and swelling.

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What are the mainstays of treatment for eating disorders in adolescents?

A multidisciplinary approach involving therapy, nutritional counseling, and medical monitoring is key. This collaborative effort aims to address the underlying psychological and physical factors contributing to the disorder.

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Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR)

Urine flows back up the ureters into the kidneys, potentially harming the kidneys. This may be present at birth or develop later, sometimes requiring surgery.

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Pyelonephritis in Children

A kidney infection, often starting with a UTI, causing fever, abdominal pain, vomiting, frequent urination (maybe cloudy or blood), and possible back pain. The child may appear unwell.

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Conditions contraindicated with Hypospadias?

Circumcision is contraindicated as the foreskin is needed for surgery. Delaying surgery beyond infancy can lead to complications.

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Incidence of Testicular Torsion?

Testicular torsion, a twisting of the spermatic cord, is rare. It occurs in about 1 out of 4,000 males.

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Common risk factors for Paraphimosis?

Paraphimosis happens when the foreskin is stuck behind the glans, causing swelling and pain. This can occur with tight foreskin, poor hygiene, or trauma.

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Patterns of menstruation after menarche?

Menstrual cycles can be irregular for several years after the first period, but gradually become more predictable. The average cycle is 28 days, but it varies from 21 to 35 days.

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What are the signs and symptoms of Appendicitis in children?

Appendicitis is an inflammation of the appendix, a small finger-shaped pouch attached to the large intestine. Common symptoms include sudden severe abdominal pain, usually in the lower right abdomen, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, fever, and diarrhea or constipation.

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What is the mainstay of treatment for Eating Disorders in Adolescents?

The mainstay of treatment for eating disorders in adolescents is a multidisciplinary approach. This involves a combination of therapy, nutritional counseling, and medical monitoring.

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What are the signs and symptoms of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in Children?

UTIs are infections of the urinary tract. Signs and symptoms in children include frequent urination, pain or burning during urination, urgency to urinate, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, fever, and abdominal pain.

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What is Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR)?

VUR is a condition where urine flows back up the ureters into the kidneys. This can be present at birth or develop later. VUR can potentially damage the kidneys.

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Study Notes

Pyloric Stenosis in Infants

  • Pyloric stenosis is a condition causing narrowing of the pyloric sphincter.
  • Diagnosis is often made based on physical examination and diagnostic tests.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Children

  • ASD is characterized by social communication and interaction deficits.
  • Symptoms in children can vary, including issues with social skills, communication, and behaviors like repetitive actions.

Hirschsprung Disease

  • Hirschsprung disease is a condition where nerve cells are missing from the bowels.
  • This can cause blockage and difficulty with passing stool.

USPSTF Recommendations for Anxiety and Depression Screening

  • The USPSTF provides recommendations for screening children for anxiety and depression.
  • Specific details on screening recommendations are not provided. (Refer to USPSTF guidelines for complete details.)

Appendicitis in Children

  • Appendicitis is inflammation of the appendix.
  • Typical symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, and fever.

Eating Disorders in Adolescents

  • Eating disorders in adolescents require a multidisciplinary approach and mainstay of treatment.
  • (Details about treatment types not provided.)

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) and SCAT Tools

  • The SCAT 5 and other SCAT tools are used to assess TBI.
  • Specific details on differentiating the tools are not included.

Depression in Adolescents: Screening Tools

  • Several tools are available for screening adolescents for depression.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

  • Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a condition involving abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habits.
  • Diagnosic criteria should be reviewed for details.

Pyelonephritis in Children

  • Pyelonephritis is a kidney infection.
  • Common symptoms may include fever, back pain, and/or urinary symptoms.

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in Children

  • UTIs in children can manifest with fever, pain when urinating, and increased frequency of urination.

Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR)

  • VUR is a condition where urine flows backwards from the bladder into the ureters.

Nocturnal Enuresis

  • Nocturnal enuresis (bedwetting) has several potential underlying causes.
  • Management and treatment options exist.

Undescended Testes

  • Undescended testes (cryptorchidism) can be treated or managed with various methods based on the specifics.
  • Spontaneous descension percentages should be reviewed for details.

Surgical Emergencies in Male Children's GU System

  • Various conditions in the male GU system can lead to surgical emergencies. (specific conditions not listed)

Hydrocele, Spermatocele, Varicocele

  • These are conditions affecting the testes and/or surrounding structures.
  • Further details on each condition would benefit the review.

Epididymitis

  • Epididymitis is inflammation of the epididymis.
  • Specific risk factors, symptoms, and conditions are not detailed.

Male Children's GU Conditions

  • Common GU conditions in male children are multifaceted and require further study.

Hypospadias

  • Hypospadias is a condition where the opening of the urethra is on the underside of the penis.
  • Treatment, risk factors, and contraindicated conditions need further details.

Testicular Torsion

  • Testicular torsion is a twisting of the spermatic cord.
  • Knowledge about incidence is not available in this summary.

Paraphimosis

  • Paraphimosis is a condition involving the foreskin of the penis.
  • Common risk factors are not detailed.

Menstrual Disorders in Adolescents

  • Menstrual disorders in adolescents need a variety of assessments and treatment, often depending on specific symptoms.

Menstruation After Menarche

  • Menstrual patterns after the first period (menarche) can vary.

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)

  • PMS is a collection of symptoms occurring before the start of menstruation.

Physical Findings in Female Adolescents

  • Recognizing physical signs in female adolescents should be addressed in the proper relevant resources.

Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)

  • Bacterial vaginosis involves a vaginal imbalance.
  • Treatment options for BV exist.

Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

  • Vulvovaginal candidiasis (yeast infection) has specific treatment options.

Eating Disorders (Evaluating Teens)

  • Evaluating teens with eating disorders requires a multidisciplinary evaluation process.

Emergency Contraceptives

  • Various types of emergency contraceptives are available.

Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease

  • Legg-Calve-Perthes disease is a condition affecting the hip joint.
  • Full details on management and treatment are not provided.

Food Poisoning and Gastroenteritis

  • Food poisoning and gastroenteritis, including parasite-related GI illnesses, can produce various symptoms.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) in Adolescents

  • IBS in adolescents has its own presentation and physical findings.

UTI in Sexually Active Teens

  • UTIs in sexually active teens require specific management and follow-up protocols.

Congenital Hypothyroidism

  • Congenital hypothyroidism has associated conditions that are not detailed.

Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity in Teens

  • Management and treatment for type 2 diabetes and obesity in teenagers require medical evaluation, diet, and lifestyle adjustments.

Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD)

  • Screening for adolescents at risk of SCD should focus on heart health risk factors.
  • Those at most risk should be evaluated.
  • Specific exam tests should be reviewed.

Headaches in Children

  • Many different types of headaches can occur in children.
  • Management strategies vary based on the headache type.

HIV Prep and Post-exposure Treatments

  • HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and post-exposure treatments (PEP) exist.

Depression in Children

  • Various medications are used to treat depression in children (specific medications not listed)

ADHD in Children

  • Medications for ADHD are available, including nonstimulant options.

Anorexia in Adolescents

  • Management strategies for adolescent anorexia are needed and vary.

Eating Disorders in Children

  • Diagnostic considerations and management of eating disorders in children are essential.

Hypothyroid Disorder in Children

  • Managing and prescribing medications for children with hypothyroidism is needed. Further details of treatment should be reviewed.

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