Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a key criterion for diagnosing growing pains in a child?
What is a key criterion for diagnosing growing pains in a child?
- The leg pain is unilateral.
- The leg pain is bilateral. (correct)
- The patient has a limp during the day.
- The pain occurs during the day.
Which symptom does NOT support a diagnosis of growing pains?
Which symptom does NOT support a diagnosis of growing pains?
- Leg pain only at night.
- Bilateral leg pain.
- No limp during the day.
- Symptoms present during the day. (correct)
What is the first-line treatment for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis?
What is the first-line treatment for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis?
- Methotrexate
- Ibuprofen (correct)
- Prednisone
- Acetaminophen
Which of the following is a common subtype of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis?
Which of the following is a common subtype of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis?
What condition is characterized by having no specific laboratory tests for diagnosis?
What condition is characterized by having no specific laboratory tests for diagnosis?
What risk is associated with early-onset pauciarticular JRA in young girls?
What risk is associated with early-onset pauciarticular JRA in young girls?
Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis?
Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis?
What is the significance of identifying a child with symptoms of arthritis beyond just a diagnosis of growing pains?
What is the significance of identifying a child with symptoms of arthritis beyond just a diagnosis of growing pains?
What is the recommended immediate noninvasive treatment for testicular torsion?
What is the recommended immediate noninvasive treatment for testicular torsion?
Which age group is most commonly affected by testicular torsion?
Which age group is most commonly affected by testicular torsion?
What imaging technique is necessary when the diagnosis of testicular torsion remains unclear?
What imaging technique is necessary when the diagnosis of testicular torsion remains unclear?
What is the most likely cause of intussusception in a child older than 6 years?
What is the most likely cause of intussusception in a child older than 6 years?
Which condition can be associated with intussusception in young children?
Which condition can be associated with intussusception in young children?
What is the most likely diagnosis for a 12-year-old boy experiencing bilateral leg pain only at night?
What is the most likely diagnosis for a 12-year-old boy experiencing bilateral leg pain only at night?
Which of the following is a supportive physical exam finding for testicular torsion?
Which of the following is a supportive physical exam finding for testicular torsion?
What is a common misconception about testicular torsion regarding its age prevalence?
What is a common misconception about testicular torsion regarding its age prevalence?
What is recommended for children aged 2 months to 2 years with a documented first UTI?
What is recommended for children aged 2 months to 2 years with a documented first UTI?
What should be added to the treatment plan if a child does not improve and their PEFR is between 50% and 80%?
What should be added to the treatment plan if a child does not improve and their PEFR is between 50% and 80%?
In the context of acute rheumatic fever, which symptom is commonly associated with the illness?
In the context of acute rheumatic fever, which symptom is commonly associated with the illness?
What condition involves a complication of acute group A streptococcal pharyngitis?
What condition involves a complication of acute group A streptococcal pharyngitis?
Which procedure is not routinely recommended for children with the first UTI after the age of 2?
Which procedure is not routinely recommended for children with the first UTI after the age of 2?
What does a significantly elevated sedimentation rate in a child suggest?
What does a significantly elevated sedimentation rate in a child suggest?
What sign may accompany carditis in patients with acute rheumatic fever?
What sign may accompany carditis in patients with acute rheumatic fever?
In a child with a urinary tract infection, when is a voiding cystourethrography indicated?
In a child with a urinary tract infection, when is a voiding cystourethrography indicated?
What is a major long-term consequence of rheumatic fever?
What is a major long-term consequence of rheumatic fever?
At what age is slipped capital femoral epiphyses most commonly seen?
At what age is slipped capital femoral epiphyses most commonly seen?
What abnormality is associated with Sydenham's chorea?
What abnormality is associated with Sydenham's chorea?
Which of the following could be a sign of serious illness in infants regarding bilirubin levels?
Which of the following could be a sign of serious illness in infants regarding bilirubin levels?
What is the typical management approach for hyperbilirubinemia in infants?
What is the typical management approach for hyperbilirubinemia in infants?
What physical examination finding is associated with slipped capital femoral epiphyses?
What physical examination finding is associated with slipped capital femoral epiphyses?
Which feature is NOT characteristic of Sydenham's chorea?
Which feature is NOT characteristic of Sydenham's chorea?
What is a common cause to suspect if slipped capital femoral epiphyses occurs before puberty?
What is a common cause to suspect if slipped capital femoral epiphyses occurs before puberty?
What is the primary treatment for tinea capitis in young children?
What is the primary treatment for tinea capitis in young children?
Which of the following statements about tinea capitis is true?
Which of the following statements about tinea capitis is true?
In a case of tinea capitis, what type of hair breaking is typically observed?
In a case of tinea capitis, what type of hair breaking is typically observed?
What is a common symptom of the rash associated with erythema infectiosum?
What is a common symptom of the rash associated with erythema infectiosum?
What organism is most commonly responsible for tinea capitis?
What organism is most commonly responsible for tinea capitis?
What complication can arise from untreated tinea capitis?
What complication can arise from untreated tinea capitis?
Which characteristic is NOT associated with tinea capitis?
Which characteristic is NOT associated with tinea capitis?
What preventative measure should be taken for tinea capitis to reduce spread?
What preventative measure should be taken for tinea capitis to reduce spread?
What is the primary treatment approach for lower respiratory infections caused by RSV?
What is the primary treatment approach for lower respiratory infections caused by RSV?
What symptom is least likely to be associated with an RSV infection in infants?
What symptom is least likely to be associated with an RSV infection in infants?
In which age group does RSV typically peak in incidence?
In which age group does RSV typically peak in incidence?
What should parents do if their child experiences a rash or mouth sore while on sulfonamide medication?
What should parents do if their child experiences a rash or mouth sore while on sulfonamide medication?
What is a characteristic radiographic finding in severe RSV infections?
What is a characteristic radiographic finding in severe RSV infections?
Which of the following organisms is most likely responsible for the symptoms described in the case of the 4-month-old infant?
Which of the following organisms is most likely responsible for the symptoms described in the case of the 4-month-old infant?
Which treatment option is no longer generally recommended for RSV infections except in severely immunocompromised patients?
Which treatment option is no longer generally recommended for RSV infections except in severely immunocompromised patients?
What is the most common mode of transmission for RSV?
What is the most common mode of transmission for RSV?
Flashcards
Testicular torsion in young males
Testicular torsion in young males
A medical emergency where the testicle twists, cutting off blood supply. Common in males under 25.
Diagnosis of testicular torsion
Diagnosis of testicular torsion
Suspect torsion in a young male with scrotal pain until proven otherwise. Physical exam (high testicle, no cremaster reflex) and ultrasound needed for confirmation.
Intussusception cause
Intussusception cause
Intestinal obstruction in children, often in those under two years old; a part of bowel slides into another. The cause isn't always obvious.
Intussusception common cause
Intussusception common cause
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Night leg pain in obese boys
Night leg pain in obese boys
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Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
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Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease
Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease
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Osgood-Schlatter disease
Osgood-Schlatter disease
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Growing pains criteria
Growing pains criteria
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Misdiagnosing growing pains
Misdiagnosing growing pains
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Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA)
Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA)
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JRA treatment
JRA treatment
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JRA subtypes
JRA subtypes
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Pauciarticular JRA
Pauciarticular JRA
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Signs of inflammation
Signs of inflammation
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Excluding other causes
Excluding other causes
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Rheumatic heart disease
Rheumatic heart disease
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Sydenham's chorea
Sydenham's chorea
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Asthma treatment (PEFR 50-80%)
Asthma treatment (PEFR 50-80%)
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Congenital dislocation of the hip
Congenital dislocation of the hip
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Asthma treatment (PEFR <50%)
Asthma treatment (PEFR <50%)
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Acetabular dysplasia
Acetabular dysplasia
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First UTI treatment (age 2 mos - 2 yrs)
First UTI treatment (age 2 mos - 2 yrs)
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Hyperbilirubinemia
Hyperbilirubinemia
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VCUG indication (UTI)
VCUG indication (UTI)
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Possible cause of girl's knee pain (13 yrs)
Possible cause of girl's knee pain (13 yrs)
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Phototherapy
Phototherapy
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Acute rheumatic fever symptom
Acute rheumatic fever symptom
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Transient synovitis of the hip
Transient synovitis of the hip
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Rheumatic fever cause
Rheumatic fever cause
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UTI in girls (post-2 years)
UTI in girls (post-2 years)
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RSV Infection
RSV Infection
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RSV Transmission
RSV Transmission
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RSV Symptoms
RSV Symptoms
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RSV Diagnosis
RSV Diagnosis
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RSV in Daycare
RSV in Daycare
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RSV Physical Exam
RSV Physical Exam
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RSV Lab Findings
RSV Lab Findings
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Tinea capitis
Tinea capitis
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Tinea capitis treatment
Tinea capitis treatment
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Erythema infectiosum
Erythema infectiosum
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Erythema infectiosum symptoms
Erythema infectiosum symptoms
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Avascular necrosis
Avascular necrosis
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Femoral head
Femoral head
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Surgical pinning
Surgical pinning
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Study Notes
Case Studies in Pediatrics
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Case 1: A 14-year-old boy presents with a mildly itchy rash spreading across his chest and back, following cleavage lines. The most likely diagnosis is Pityriasis rosea.
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Case 1 Discussion: Pityriasis rosea typically affects children and young adults, beginning with a single herald patch followed by a diffuse papulosquamous rash. The rash often follows Langer's lines. Many other conditions can mimic pityriasis rosea, but secondary syphilis is a concern.
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Case 2: A 5-year-old boy presents with scrotal pain and swelling of the left testicle. Appropriate management includes ultrasound evaluation with Doppler color flow.
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Case 2 Discussion: Testicular torsion should be suspected in patients with acute scrotal pain and swelling. Prompt diagnosis is critical to preserve testicular viability.
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Case 3: An 8-year-old with abdominal pain has intussusception. The most likely cause is a colon polyp.
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Case 3 Discussion: Intussusception is the most frequent cause of intestinal obstruction in infants, often resulting from common causes for intussusception such as polyps, Meckel's diverticulum, and viral enteritis, but can also be caused by various other factors.
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Case 4: A 12-year-old obese boy presents with nocturnal bilateral leg pain, without limping. The most likely diagnosis is "growing pains".
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Case 4 Discussion: Growing pains are a self-limiting, benign condition characterized by bilateral leg pain, occurring only at night, without limping.
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Case 5: A 12-year-old boy has joint swelling, fevers, and a rash. Laboratory results show anemia, leukocytosis, and thrombocytosis. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) is suspected. First-line treatment is Ibuprofen.
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Case 5 Discussion: JRA is a diverse group of diseases; it is different from adult rheumatoid arthritis and requires distinguishing among subtypes (pauciarticular, polyarticular, and systemic). The first line treatments are typically NSAIDs like ibuprofen.
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Case 6: An 8-year-old asthmatic with wheezing is given albuterol. Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) is 75%. The next appropriate step is to add an oral steroid.
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Case 6 Discussion: Early treatment of asthma exacerbations is crucial for preventing progression. Short-acting beta2-agonists are first-line treatment, but additional measures such as oral corticosteroids may be needed for severe cases or persistent symptoms.
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Case 7: An 18-month-old girl has a urinary tract infection (UTI). Appropriate treatment includes renal ultrasound and voiding cystourethrography (VCUG).
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Case 7 Discussion: Practice guidelines typically recommend renal ultrasound to screen for anatomical abnormalities in children 2 to 2 years of age presenting with first UTI. VCUG is performed in cases of complex UTIs to confirm or eliminate the potential of anatomical problems or other conditions such as reflux, scarring, or obstruction.
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Case 8: A 13-year-old girl has a sore throat, fevers, and bilateral knee pain. An elevated sedimentation rate is observed. The most likely diagnosis is acute rheumatic fever.
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Case 8 Discussion: Acute rheumatic fever is a complication of group A streptococcal pharyngitis. It is characterized by arthritis, carditis, erythema marginatum, subcutaneous nodules and/or Sydenham's chorea.
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Case 8 (additional): A child presents to the emergency room with abdominal pain. An abdominal series shows a "bird's beak" sign. The most likely diagnosis is intussusception.
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Case 9: The condition of sigmoid volvulus is rare in children/adolescents, often diagnosed through barium enema. Usually presents with abdominal pain/distress, and often resolving spontaneously. It can become life threatening if not addressed promptly.
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Case 10: A newborn presents with jaundice (bilirubin level of 18 mg/dL). Appropriate treatment is to begin phototherapy.
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Case 10 Discussion: Hyperbilirubinemia is common in newborns but high levels warrant interventions; phototherapy is a standard treatment for jaundice in infants.
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Case 11: A 12-year-old boy has progressive hip pain radiating to the thigh and knee. Pain is elicited with abduction and adduction, and radiographs show acetabular dysplasia. The most likely diagnosis is slipped capital femoral epiphysis.
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Case 11 Discussion: Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is a condition where the ball portion of the femur (head) slides out of place from its socket, concerning commonly in adolescents especially those with obesity.
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Case 12: A 4-year-old boy presents with patchy hair loss, scalp inflammation and scrapings showing hyphae. Treatment of choice is topical antifungals.
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Case 12 Discussion: Tinea capitis, a fungal scalp infection, commonly presents with hair loss, inflammation and often indicated through microscopic examination of scrapings obtained from the affected area showing hyphae.
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Case 13: Presenting with a slapped-cheek appearance, a low-grade fever and malaise is characteristic of erythema infectiosum (fifth disease).
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Case 13 Discussion: Erythema infectiosum is a viral infection characterized by a distinct facial rash that resembles being slapped.
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Case 14: A 3-year-old boy has recurrent ear infections. The appropriate management is to implement single dose prophylactic antibiotics nightly.
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Case 14 Discussion: Recurrent otitis media may be treated effectively through a proactive approach, using prophylactic antibiotics to prevent further infections.
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Case 15: With symptoms such as fever, runny nose, cough, and wheezing, a 4-month-old child is likely infected with RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus).
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Case 15 Discussion: RSV is a common respiratory virus, especially in young children, that typically causes symptoms similar to the common cold but potentially worsening to pneumonia in severe cases.
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