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Questions and Answers
What condition occurs when urine can't pass through the ureter into the bladder, leading to kidney dilation?
What condition occurs when urine can't pass through the ureter into the bladder, leading to kidney dilation?
What term describes the strong urge to void even when unable to do so?
What term describes the strong urge to void even when unable to do so?
How should a nurse document a 30-gram weight of a wet diaper in terms of fluid output?
How should a nurse document a 30-gram weight of a wet diaper in terms of fluid output?
What condition involves the narrowing of the preputial opening that prevents the retraction of the foreskin?
What condition involves the narrowing of the preputial opening that prevents the retraction of the foreskin?
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Which process is primarily related to data collection in nursing regarding urine output measurement in infants?
Which process is primarily related to data collection in nursing regarding urine output measurement in infants?
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What x-ray examination is used to assess the bladder and urethra during micturition?
What x-ray examination is used to assess the bladder and urethra during micturition?
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Which sign indicates a urinary tract infection in a child with daytime enuresis?
Which sign indicates a urinary tract infection in a child with daytime enuresis?
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What is the most appropriate action for a child with nephrotic syndrome who is edematous and has reduced mobility?
What is the most appropriate action for a child with nephrotic syndrome who is edematous and has reduced mobility?
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What does a parent’s statement about assessing their child's urine for protein indicate?
What does a parent’s statement about assessing their child's urine for protein indicate?
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What likely precedes the development of acute glomerulonephritis in a child?
What likely precedes the development of acute glomerulonephritis in a child?
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Which beverage should be recommended to maintain urine acidity and help prevent urinary tract infections?
Which beverage should be recommended to maintain urine acidity and help prevent urinary tract infections?
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When a 6-year-old asks about the upcoming orchiopexy, what is the best response?
When a 6-year-old asks about the upcoming orchiopexy, what is the best response?
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What should parents be advised regarding their child who has undergone a nephrectomy?
What should parents be advised regarding their child who has undergone a nephrectomy?
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What does an enlarged and swollen scrotum in a newborn typically indicate?
What does an enlarged and swollen scrotum in a newborn typically indicate?
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What condition may be associated with bilateral cryptorchidism in a newborn?
What condition may be associated with bilateral cryptorchidism in a newborn?
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What is a key symptom of nephrotic syndrome in children that affects their well-being?
What is a key symptom of nephrotic syndrome in children that affects their well-being?
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What dietary modification might be advised for children diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome?
What dietary modification might be advised for children diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome?
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What is the primary nursing consideration when caring for a child post-nephrectomy?
What is the primary nursing consideration when caring for a child post-nephrectomy?
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Which symptom is not typically associated with urinary tract infections in children?
Which symptom is not typically associated with urinary tract infections in children?
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What action should a nurse take if a 5-year-old patient has a retracted and tight foreskin that cannot be returned over the head of the penis?
What action should a nurse take if a 5-year-old patient has a retracted and tight foreskin that cannot be returned over the head of the penis?
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What is the most appropriate nursing intervention for a 7-year-old with acute glomerulonephritis and gross hematuria?
What is the most appropriate nursing intervention for a 7-year-old with acute glomerulonephritis and gross hematuria?
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Which urinary diversion procedure is least likely to affect the body image of an adolescent?
Which urinary diversion procedure is least likely to affect the body image of an adolescent?
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What clarification should a nurse provide to a parent about immunizations for a 5-year-old child on prednisone for nephrotic syndrome?
What clarification should a nurse provide to a parent about immunizations for a 5-year-old child on prednisone for nephrotic syndrome?
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Which protocol can the nurse recommend to encourage diuresis in a child with nephrotic syndrome who has not responded to corticosteroids?
Which protocol can the nurse recommend to encourage diuresis in a child with nephrotic syndrome who has not responded to corticosteroids?
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What food should a nurse recommend a child with acute glomerulonephritis avoid to prevent hyperkalemia?
What food should a nurse recommend a child with acute glomerulonephritis avoid to prevent hyperkalemia?
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Which assessment technique should the nurse omit when caring for a 2-year-old with Wilms tumor?
Which assessment technique should the nurse omit when caring for a 2-year-old with Wilms tumor?
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Which statement by a child's father indicates an understanding of the risks associated with an undescended testicle?
Which statement by a child's father indicates an understanding of the risks associated with an undescended testicle?
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What is the name of the x-ray test performed while a child is urinating to examine the bladder and urethra?
What is the name of the x-ray test performed while a child is urinating to examine the bladder and urethra?
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What is the recommended response when a nurse suspects a child is showing signs of dehydration due to nephrotic syndrome?
What is the recommended response when a nurse suspects a child is showing signs of dehydration due to nephrotic syndrome?
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What is the key nursing consideration when administering furosemide to a child with nephrotic syndrome?
What is the key nursing consideration when administering furosemide to a child with nephrotic syndrome?
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Which of the following findings would most likely indicate the need for immediate nursing intervention in a child with nephrotic syndrome?
Which of the following findings would most likely indicate the need for immediate nursing intervention in a child with nephrotic syndrome?
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Which of the following is the most effective long-term management option for a child with nephrotic syndrome?
Which of the following is the most effective long-term management option for a child with nephrotic syndrome?
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What vital sign change should a nurse anticipate in a child experiencing an exacerbation of nephrotic syndrome?
What vital sign change should a nurse anticipate in a child experiencing an exacerbation of nephrotic syndrome?
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Which statement by a parent indicates a need for further teaching about preventing urinary tract infections in children?
Which statement by a parent indicates a need for further teaching about preventing urinary tract infections in children?
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What is the recommended age for surgical repair of hypospadias in a newborn?
What is the recommended age for surgical repair of hypospadias in a newborn?
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What is an initial sign of nephrosis that a nurse might note in a child?
What is an initial sign of nephrosis that a nurse might note in a child?
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Which of the following assessments is most important for a child receiving prednisone to treat nephrotic syndrome?
Which of the following assessments is most important for a child receiving prednisone to treat nephrotic syndrome?
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In addition to preventing urinary tract infections, which practice is important for a child’s hygiene?
In addition to preventing urinary tract infections, which practice is important for a child’s hygiene?
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What is a potential consequence of delaying surgery for hypospadias beyond 18 months?
What is a potential consequence of delaying surgery for hypospadias beyond 18 months?
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What type of edema may commonly be observed in a child with nephrotic syndrome?
What type of edema may commonly be observed in a child with nephrotic syndrome?
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Which of the following conditions is NOT usually associated with the use of prednisone in children?
Which of the following conditions is NOT usually associated with the use of prednisone in children?
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What is a potential consequence of both testes failing to descend properly during infancy?
What is a potential consequence of both testes failing to descend properly during infancy?
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What condition is suggested by acute scrotal pain in an adolescent male with a history of cryptorchidism?
What condition is suggested by acute scrotal pain in an adolescent male with a history of cryptorchidism?
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Which of the following lab values might indicate dehydration in a child?
Which of the following lab values might indicate dehydration in a child?
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In caring for a newborn with exstrophy of the bladder, which action is essential?
In caring for a newborn with exstrophy of the bladder, which action is essential?
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What is a classic symptom of nephrotic syndrome in children?
What is a classic symptom of nephrotic syndrome in children?
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Which psychological factor contributes to stress in preschool children undergoing genitourinary surgery?
Which psychological factor contributes to stress in preschool children undergoing genitourinary surgery?
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What long-term effect might children experience as a result of prolonged prednisone therapy?
What long-term effect might children experience as a result of prolonged prednisone therapy?
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Which device is used to measure the pressure and volume of the urine stream?
Which device is used to measure the pressure and volume of the urine stream?
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What is the principal function of the nephron in the kidney?
What is the principal function of the nephron in the kidney?
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When both testes do not descend, what procedure might be performed to correct it?
When both testes do not descend, what procedure might be performed to correct it?
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What is a possible indication of nephrotic syndrome in a child?
What is a possible indication of nephrotic syndrome in a child?
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What does not contribute to stress in preschoolers undergoing surgery?
What does not contribute to stress in preschoolers undergoing surgery?
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Which of the following conditions is NOT commonly associated with cryptorchidism?
Which of the following conditions is NOT commonly associated with cryptorchidism?
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What complication is most likely to arise from untreated testicular torsion?
What complication is most likely to arise from untreated testicular torsion?
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Study Notes
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Prevention
- Parent teaching gap: Frequent bubble baths with oils are inappropriate as the oils can irritate the urethra.
- Front-to-back wiping: Washing and wiping the perineal area from front to back is essential.
- Cotton underwear: Cotton underwear is beneficial.
- Fluid intake: Ample fluid intake and frequent voiding are crucial.
Hypospadias
- Surgical repair: Hypospadias surgical repair is typically done before 18 months of age.
- No spontaneous correction: Hypospadias will not correct itself over time.
- Preschool delay is incorrect: Corrective surgery is not typically delayed until preschool age.
- Testicular cancer risk: Surgical repair does not increase testicular cancer risk.
Nephrotic Syndrome
- Early sign: Periorbital edema (swelling around the eyes) is an initial sign.
- Generalized edema: Edema in nephrotic syndrome is widespread but not always obvious to parents.
Prednisone Therapy for Nephrotic Syndrome
- Infection risk: Prednisone increases the likelihood of infection.
- Infection signs: Watch for subtle signs and symptoms of infection.
- Bruising and hypoglycemia: Prednisone's effects do not typically cause easy bruising or hypoglycemia.
Paraphimosis
- Incorrect action: Do not forcibly push the foreskin back over the penis.
- Action: Notify the charge nurse immediately.
Acute Glomerulonephritis
- Activity restrictions: Limited activity until hematuria (blood in the urine) resolves.
- Protein restriction (not in all cases): A protein-restricted diet may be needed.
- Careful handling of edematous areas: Gentle handling of swollen areas is necessary.
- Monitor hypotension: Watch for signs of low blood pressure.
Urinary Diversions
- Least damaging to body image: Ileal conduit diversion is the least physically invasive and less disruptive to body image.
- Other diversion methods: Urostomy, nephrostomy, and suprapubic placements all involve more noticeable external appliances.
Immunizations and Prednisone
- Immunizations during prednisone: Avoid immunizations while on immunosuppressive therapy. Immunizations should be delayed.
Nephrotic Syndrome and Diuresis
- Corticosteroid ineffectiveness: If corticosteroids are ineffective in inducing diuresis, a strong anti-suppressant like Cytoxan may be needed.
- Diuretic use: A standard diuretic like furosemide (Lasix) might be employed if steriods are ineffective.
Acute Glomerulonephritis and Diet
- Potassium-rich foods: Avoid high potassium foods like bananas to prevent hyperkalemia.
- Other foods: Other potassium-rich or high-protein food limitations may exist, depending on the specific case.
Wilms Tumor
- Abdominal palpation: Avoid abdominal palpation to prevent spreading of the tumor.
Undescended Testicle (Cryptorchidism)
- Fertility reduction: Undescended testicle can reduce fertility.
- Surgical correction: Surgical correction, called orchiopexy, reduces risks.
- Optimal time: Surgical correction is often done at diagnosis.
- Spontaneous descent: Spontaneous descent sometimes occurs within the first year.
Voiding Cystourethrogram
- Test description: An X-ray taken while the child is urinating to image the bladder and urethra.
Daytime Enuresis and Dysuria
- Indication: Signs of dysuria (painful urination) and urgency mean a possible urinary tract infection (UTI).
Nephrotic Syndrome and Edema
- Positioning: Frequent position changes are essential to prevent pressure sores and infections.
- Moist skin: Keep edematous areas clean and dry.
Nephrotic Syndrome and Discharge Teaching
- Urine protein checks: Parents should monitor urine for protein.
- Medication discontinuation: Medication should be stopped only when instructed by a healthcare professional.
- Immunization delay: Immunizations should be avoided while on immunosuppressive therapy.
- Diet (in some cases): A specific diet may be medically necessary.
Acute Glomerulonephritis Cause
- Streptococcal infection: Acute glomerulonephritis often follows a streptococcal infection.
Maintaining Urine Acidity
- Beverage recommendations: Apple juice or cranberry juice can help maintain acidic urine.
Orchiopexy and Child Communication
- Open communication: Encourage the child to ask questions and express fears.
Post-Nephrectomy Considerations
- Contact sports: Avoid contact sports.
- Other restrictions: May exist, depending on specific circumstances
Hydrocele
- Definition: A collection of fluid in the scrotum that usually resolves on its own within a year.
Bilateral Cryptorchidism
- Common form? Not the most common form.
- Fertility: Fertility can be highly affected.
- Surgical intervention: Surgical intervention is often recommended.
- Inguinal hernia: Inguinal hernia may also be present.
Testicular Torsion Symptoms
- Acute scrotal pain: Acute scrotal pain, in conjunction with a history of cryptorchidism, could be indicative of testicular torsion.
- Immediate intervention: Immediate surgery may be necessary.
BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) Elevated
- Possible causes: Dehydration, renal disease, or need for steroid therapy.
- Other considerations: Diabetes or pituitary issues could potentially elevate BUN however that is not the most typical reason.
Exstrophy of the Bladder
- Skin protection: Protect the exposed bladder skin.
- Positioning: Position infant on their back or side.
- Diapering: Diaper loosely.
- Surgical closure scheduling: Surgical correction should be done promptly.
- Bladder shield: Cover the exposed bladder/urethra with a shield.
Nephrotic Syndrome Symptoms
- Proteinuria: Presence of protein in the urine.
- Bloody urine: Grossly bloody urine may be a sign of a related condition, not simply nephrotic syndrome.
- Hypoalbuminemia(Not hyper): Reduced albumin in the blood.
- Edema: Generalized swelling.
- Fatigue: Fatigue can be a symptom.
Preschooler Stress During Genitourinary Surgery
- Perceived punishment: Children may view treatment as punishment.
- Separation anxiety: Preschool children are susceptible to separation anxiety.
- Sexual curiosity: Children are sexually curious, fixated on their genitals, and may fear castration.
Prednisone Therapy in Preschoolers
- Immunization postponement: Immunizations may need delaying.
- Risk for infection: Increased risk for infection.
- Other potential effects: Possible effects like hypertension or changes in nutrition could occur.
Uroflowmeter
- Description: Device used to measure pressure and volume of urine stream.
Nephron
- Function: The working unit of the kidney that filters and regulates fluids.
Hydronephrosis
- Cause: Obstruction of the ureter.
- Prevention: Urinary diversion to avoid urinary reflux and kidney swelling.
Urgency
- Definition: A strong urge to void despite the inability to void.
Infant Urine Output Measurement
- Measurement: Weight of wet diaper minus weight of dry diaper in grams; recorded as milliliters (mL).
Phimosis
- Definition: Narrowing of the preputial opening around the foreskin.
- Cause: Prevents foreskin retraction.
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Description
This quiz covers essential concepts related to urinary tract infection prevention, hypospadias, and nephrotic syndrome in children. Key prevention strategies, surgical considerations, and early signs of these conditions will be explored. Perfect for parents and healthcare professionals alike.
