30 Questions
Which factor plays a role in the vulnerability of musculoskeletal development according to the text?
Hormones, nutrition, and mechanical forces
What are the susceptible stages for musculoskeletal development mentioned in the text?
Prenatal
Which type of disorders are included in common paediatric bone & joint disorders as per the text?
Congenital and hereditary disorders
What is the focus of medical care in paediatrics according to the text?
Infants, children, adolescents, and young adults
What is mentioned as susceptible to abnormal forces and stresses in paediatric musculoskeletal development?
Immature MSK system
Which type of disorders are mentioned under musculoskeletal development in the text?
Inflammatory and infectious disorders
What is the recommended Cobb angle for surgical intervention in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis?
50 degrees
What is the main aim of surgical intervention for scoliosis?
To correct 3-D deformities
What is the recommended Risser's Sign for bracing in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis?
Risser's Sign ≥ 4
What is the possible complication associated with bracing in scoliosis treatment?
Pressure sore
What is the aim of scoliosis-specific exercises (PSSE) in managing adolescent idiopathic scoliosis?
To correct 3-D deformities
What is the main complication associated with surgical intervention for scoliosis?
Loss of motion at the fused spinal segments
Which of the following is not a component of musculoskeletal examination in pediatric physiotherapy?
Visual acuity test
What is the primary cause of bone growth in length in children?
Endochondral ossification
What is the recommended management option for significant leg length discrepancy in pediatric physiotherapy?
Lifts inside the shoe
What is the typical age range for the occurrence of Legg–Calvé–Perthes Disease?
11-15 years old
Which phase of physiotherapy for leg length discrepancy involves aggressive stretching, strengthening activities, and gait normalization?
Rehabilitation phase
What is the primary cause of Legg–Calvé–Perthes Disease?
Avascular necrosis of the femoral head
Which test is used to identify an unstable hip that can passively dislocate?
Barlow's Test
What is the management strategy for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) using bracing treatment?
Rigid thoracolumbosacral orthosis for up to 23 hours a day until skeletal maturity
What are the radiographic features of torus fractures?
Subtle cortex deformity and angulation
What is the purpose of Moiré topography in assessing scoliosis?
Providing a 3-D assessment of back shape
What is the timeframe for bone healing in children for a fractured femur shaft at 20 years old?
20 weeks
What is the primary purpose of the Cobb method in scoliosis?
Measuring lateral deviation
What is the management goal for Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCPD)?
Relieve pain, prevent deformity, contain femoral head, and restore range of motion
What is the recommended management approach for torticollis in infants aged 12 months or under?
Righting exercises and tummy time
What is the possible cause of torticollis?
Intrauterine malposition and birth trauma
What is the incidence of clubfoot (congenital talipes equinovarus) in live births?
1-3 per 1000 live births
What is a crucial aspect of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) screening for newborns?
Identification of risk factors like breech position, female gender, and positive family history of DDH
What is a clinical presentation of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH)?
Asymmetry of thigh, gluteal or labial folds, limitation of hip abduction range of motion, and positive Trendelenburg sign
Study Notes
Pediatric Orthopedic Conditions: Management and Clinical Presentation
- Management of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCPD) aims to relieve pain, prevent deformity, contain femoral head, and restore range of motion.
- Pain relief for LCPD includes anti-inflammatory medications and traction, and use of orthotic devices or surgical procedures.
- Post-operative physiotherapy for LCPD focuses on restoring hip range of motion, muscle flexibility, and strength, especially hip extensors and abductors.
- Torticollis, meaning "twisted neck," presents with unilateral shortening of sternocleidomastoid muscle and may cause cranial and facial asymmetry.
- The aetiology of torticollis is unknown, with possible causes including intrauterine malposition and birth trauma.
- Management of torticollis includes conservative measures, orthotic devices, botulinum toxin injections, and surgical release of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
- Righting exercises and tummy time are recommended for the management of torticollis in infants aged 12 months or under.
- Clubfoot, also known as congenital talipes equinovarus, is a complex deformity with an incidence of 1-3 per 1000 live births and is more common in males.
- The aetiology of clubfoot includes intrauterine positioning, neuromuscular impairment, genetic and chromosomal abnormalities.
- Management of clubfoot aims to restore alignment and correct the deformity through physiotherapy, Ponseti treatment method, and long-term brace use.
- Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) screening is crucial for all newborns, with risk factors including breech position, female gender, and positive family history of DDH.
- Clinical presentation of DDH includes asymmetry of thigh, gluteal or labial folds, limitation of hip abduction range of motion, and positive Trendelenburg sign.
Test your knowledge of pediatric orthopedic conditions with this quiz on the clinical presentation and management of conditions such as Legg-Calve-Perthes disease, torticollis, clubfoot, and developmental dysplasia of the hip. Learn about the causes, treatment options, and recommended interventions for these common pediatric orthopedic conditions.
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