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Questions and Answers
A child undergoing chemotherapy experiences mucositis. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate to implement?
A child undergoing chemotherapy experiences mucositis. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate to implement?
- Recommending the use of wigs or hats to address alopecia.
- Providing meticulous oral care and pain relief. (correct)
- Administering anti-emetics to prevent nausea.
- Limiting fluid intake to reduce oral secretions.
What is a primary characteristic differentiating Hodgkin's lymphoma from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma?
What is a primary characteristic differentiating Hodgkin's lymphoma from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma?
- Hodgkin's lymphoma is identified by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells. (correct)
- Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is characterized by localized lymph node involvement.
- Hodgkin's lymphoma involves widespread lymph node involvement.
- Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma presents with uncontrolled white blood cell proliferation.
A child with leukemia is undergoing a bone marrow biopsy. What is the priority nursing intervention during this procedure?
A child with leukemia is undergoing a bone marrow biopsy. What is the priority nursing intervention during this procedure?
- Monitoring for signs of infection at the insertion site.
- Providing pain management and sedation. (correct)
- Encouraging deep breathing exercises to promote relaxation.
- Administering anti-emetics to prevent nausea.
Which of the following assessment findings in a child could indicate bone marrow suppression secondary to cancer or its treatment?
Which of the following assessment findings in a child could indicate bone marrow suppression secondary to cancer or its treatment?
A child undergoing a bone marrow transplant requires meticulous post-transplant care. Which of the following nursing interventions is of utmost importance during this phase?
A child undergoing a bone marrow transplant requires meticulous post-transplant care. Which of the following nursing interventions is of utmost importance during this phase?
According to Piaget's stages of cognitive development, what is a typical understanding of illness for a child in the concrete operational stage (ages 7-10)?
According to Piaget's stages of cognitive development, what is a typical understanding of illness for a child in the concrete operational stage (ages 7-10)?
During which psychosocial stage, according to Erikson, is parental presence most essential to a child's well-being?
During which psychosocial stage, according to Erikson, is parental presence most essential to a child's well-being?
According to Kohlberg's stages of moral development, a child between the ages of 2 and 7 is most likely to view their illness as:
According to Kohlberg's stages of moral development, a child between the ages of 2 and 7 is most likely to view their illness as:
Which of the following is the most critical nutritional intervention for a child newly diagnosed with celiac disease?
Which of the following is the most critical nutritional intervention for a child newly diagnosed with celiac disease?
A child with diabetes mellitus is pale, sweating, and confused. Which of the following conditions is the MOST likely cause?
A child with diabetes mellitus is pale, sweating, and confused. Which of the following conditions is the MOST likely cause?
What is an important consideration for a child with diabetes before participating in physical activity?
What is an important consideration for a child with diabetes before participating in physical activity?
Which of the following assessment findings would be most concerning for a child with a suspected renal disorder?
Which of the following assessment findings would be most concerning for a child with a suspected renal disorder?
Which emotional response is most commonly observed in siblings of a child who is hospitalized?
Which emotional response is most commonly observed in siblings of a child who is hospitalized?
Which finding is the MOST indicative of respiratory distress in a pediatric patient?
Which finding is the MOST indicative of respiratory distress in a pediatric patient?
A toddler is hospitalized. Which intervention would be MOST appropriate to minimize stress associated with fear of loss of autonomy?
A toddler is hospitalized. Which intervention would be MOST appropriate to minimize stress associated with fear of loss of autonomy?
During a physical assessment of a school-age child, which approach demonstrates the BEST understanding of their developmental needs?
During a physical assessment of a school-age child, which approach demonstrates the BEST understanding of their developmental needs?
An adolescent expresses concern about the lack of privacy during hospitalization. What is the MOST appropriate nursing intervention?
An adolescent expresses concern about the lack of privacy during hospitalization. What is the MOST appropriate nursing intervention?
According to Piaget's framework, how might a preschooler (ages 2-7) perceive illness?
According to Piaget's framework, how might a preschooler (ages 2-7) perceive illness?
Which assessment finding would be MOST concerning for moderate dehydration in a 9 month old infant?
Which assessment finding would be MOST concerning for moderate dehydration in a 9 month old infant?
Which intervention is MOST appropriate when administering medication to a toddler?
Which intervention is MOST appropriate when administering medication to a toddler?
A nurse observes petechiae on a child's skin during an assessment. What is the MOST important initial nursing action?
A nurse observes petechiae on a child's skin during an assessment. What is the MOST important initial nursing action?
Flashcards
Gluten-free grains
Gluten-free grains
Grains that do not contain gluten, like rice and corn.
Leukemia definition
Leukemia definition
A cancer characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of white blood cells (WBC).
Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Hodgkin's Lymphoma
A type of lymphoma identified by Reed-Sternberg cells and localized lymph node involvement.
Chemotherapy side effects
Chemotherapy side effects
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Bone marrow transplant care
Bone marrow transplant care
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Respiratory distress signs
Respiratory distress signs
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Dehydration symptoms
Dehydration symptoms
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Infants assessment tips
Infants assessment tips
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Toddler assessment techniques
Toddler assessment techniques
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Preschooler reactions to illness
Preschooler reactions to illness
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School-age stressors
School-age stressors
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Adolescent concerns during hospitalization
Adolescent concerns during hospitalization
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Piaget's Sensorimotor stage
Piaget's Sensorimotor stage
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Concrete Operational Stage
Concrete Operational Stage
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Trust vs Mistrust
Trust vs Mistrust
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Preconventional Morality
Preconventional Morality
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Celiac Disease Management
Celiac Disease Management
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Signs of Hyperglycemia
Signs of Hyperglycemia
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Mild Hypoglycemia Response
Mild Hypoglycemia Response
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Renal Disorder Assessment
Renal Disorder Assessment
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Parental Reactions to Hospitalization
Parental Reactions to Hospitalization
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Study Notes
Pediatric Exam Objectives
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Recognize signs of health conditions needing nursing interventions (respiratory distress, dehydration, neuro changes, skin abnormalities)
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Respiratory distress signs: nasal flaring, grunting, retractions, cyanosis, tachypnea. Interventions include oxygen therapy, suctioning, positioning, and O2 monitoring.
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Dehydration: sunken fontanelles, poor skin turgor, dry mucus membranes, tachycardia. Interventions include fluid replacement and strict I&Os.
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Neuro changes: require neuro checks, seizure precautions, and medication administration.
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Skin abnormalities (rashes, petechiae, ecchymosis): require identifying the cause and appropriate treatment.
Modifying Physical Assessments
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Adapt assessment techniques to the child's age and developmental stage.
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Infants: use soothing voice, assess in caregiver's lap, assess reflexes.
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Toddlers: allow play with equipment, assess non-threatening areas first, perform quick assessments.
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Preschoolers: use simple explanations, allow choices, and involve them in care.
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School-age: explain procedures in concrete terms, encourage questions, respect modesty.
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Adolescents: provide privacy, explain findings, encourage independence in care discussions.
Stressors and Reactions to Illness/Hospitalization
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Discuss typical stressors and reactions to illness/hospitalization for children in each developmental stage, and strategies to minimize effects.
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Infants: separation anxiety, comfort measures (parental presence).
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Toddlers: fear of loss of autonomy, choices, distraction techniques.
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Preschoolers: fear of body mutilation, simple explanations, medical play.
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School-age: loss of control, fear of pain, privacy, involvement in decision-making.
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Adolescents: loss of privacy, independence, involvement in decision-making.
Children's Concepts of Illness and Pain
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Discuss children's concepts of illness and pain using Piaget's framework.
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Sensorimotor (0-2 years): no understanding of illness, reacts to pain with crying or withdrawal.
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Preoperational (2-7 years): illness is magical or a punishment, fear of bodily harm with exaggerated pain perception.
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Concrete operational (7-10 years): understands cause and effect, fears pain but understands treatment helps.
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Formal operational (13+ years): understands illness logically, fears long-term effects, has concerns about body image.
Illness Adjustment and Moral Development
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Describe psychosocial milestones contributing to illness adjustment.
- Trust vs mistrust (infants); parental presence essential.
- Autonomy vs shame and doubt (toddlers); needs choices.
- Initiative vs guilt (preschoolers); may blame self for illness.
- Industry vs inferiority (school-age): may worry about school or peers.
- Identity vs role confusion (adolescents): concerned with independence and social acceptance.
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Impact of moral development on illness perception: Preconventional (2–7 years): illness as punishment (2–7 years) Conventional (7-12 years): follow rules; ethical reasoning Postconventional (12+ years): ethical reasoning behind health decisions
Nursing Management of Children's Conditions
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Celiac Disease: strict gluten-free diet; monitor growth, address diarrhea, bloating, and fatigue.
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Diabetes Mellitus: Hyperglycemia (polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss, fatigue) and Hypoglycemia (sweating, irritability, tremors, confusion). Management includes nutrition (carb counting), exercise, and hypoglycemia prevention. Address DKA (IV fluids, insulin drip, electrolyte monitoring) and mild/severe hypoglycemia (juice/glucose tabs or glucagon injection).
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Teach home management (insulin administration, blood sugar monitoring, sick day management).
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Renal disorders: assessment (edema, HTN, hematuria); management (fluid restrictions, antihypertensives, infection prevention).
Additional Pediatric Health Conditions
- Discuss Parental and sibling reactions to hospitalization (parents’ guilt, stress, financial concerns; siblings’ jealousy, fear, regression).
- Celiac disease management (gluten-free education, family compliance).
- Patho of leukemia, Hodgkin's, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
- Abnormal findings in cancer assessment (pallor, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, frequent infections).
- Bone marrow transplant care (donor selection, HLA matching, post-transplant care, and engraftment monitoring).
- Psychosocial needs and oncologic emergencies (emotional support, family involvement, child life specialists), emergencies (sepsis, tumor lysis syndrome, rapid response).
- Chemotherapy side effects and interventions (nausea, alopecia, mucositis).
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