18 Questions
What is the drug of choice for bacterial acute streptococcal pharyngitis?
Amoxicillin
What is the hallmark of Kawasaki disease?
Irritability
Which surgical procedure involves the removal of the adenoid glands?
Adenoidectomy
What is the initial area involved in tonsillitis?
Cardiovascular system
How long after the onset is Intravenous Immune Globulin (IVIG) infusion administered in Kawasaki disease treatment?
7-10 days
What is the priority nursing action for a child with epiglottitis sitting in a frog-like position, drooling, and agitated?
Notify the doctor and prepare for tracheostomy
What is the recommended therapeutic management for self-limiting tonsillitis caused by a viral infection?
Symptomatic treatment
Which of the following is a common sign of epiglottitis in children?
Tripod position
What is the recommended treatment for croup syndrome?
Dexamethasone IM - 0.6 mg/kg single dose
Why is it important to allow parents to stay at the bedside of a child with respiratory distress?
To reduce anxiety and ease the child's respiratory efforts
What is a key characteristic of Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS)?
Chest retractions
In the nursing management of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), what action should be avoided during assessment of the throat?
Use tongue depressor to examine the throat
What is the major sign of Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)?
Expiratory grunting
Which diagnostic finding is associated with Meconium Aspiration Syndrome?
Diffuse granular pattern on chest x-ray
What medication is commonly used for Respiratory Distress Syndrome?
Nitric oxide
What is a common nursing intervention for Meconium Aspiration Syndrome?
Providing oxygen therapy
Which characteristic is associated with Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)?
Frequently occurs during sleep
What is a classic clinical presentation of Croup Syndrome?
Stridor and barking cough
Study Notes
Epiglottitis
- Life-threatening infection causing profound swelling of the upper airways, leading to asphyxia and respiratory arrest
- Signs and symptoms:
- Bends forward (tripod position)
- Drooling
- Toxic child
- Priority nursing action: Notify the doctor and prepare for tracheostomy if the child is in a frog-like position, drooling, and agitated
Treatment of Epiglottitis
- Cool mist vaporizer at night
- Corticosteroids:
- Dexamethasone IM – 0.6 mg/kg single dose or 0.15 mg/kg
- Budesonide nebulized – 2 mg
Nursing Management of Epiglottitis
- Allow parents to stay beside the child to reduce anxiety and ease respiratory efforts
- Avoid using a tongue depressor to examine the throat, as it can cause complete obstruction
Tonsillitis
- Inflammation of the palatine tonsils
- Clinical manifestations:
- Inflammation
- Palatine (kissing tonsils) – no passage of food and air
- Treatment:
- Self-limiting and symptomatic (viral)
- Antibiotics (bacterial infection) – Drug of Choice: Amoxicillin
- Surgical treatment:
- Tonsillectomy – recurrent peritonsillar abscess, airway obstruction, with febrile convulsions, tissue pathology
- Adenoidectomy – surgery to remove adenoid glands
Post-Tonsillectomy Nursing Care
- Soft to liquid diet
- Cool mist humidifier to soothe inflamed mucous membrane
- Cool water, crushed ice, ice chips
- Allow diluted juice after the procedure, avoiding red juices, citrus, milk, and ice cream
- Opioid – acetaminophen
Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)
- Condition of surfactant deficiency and physiologic immunity of the thorax
- Diagnostic findings:
- Diffuse granular pattern on chest x-ray
- Hypoxemia
- Increased carbon dioxide
- Respiratory acidosis on ABG
- Medications:
- Artificial surfactant
- Nitric oxide – dilates the pulmonary bronchus
- Clinical manifestations:
- Tachypnea (> 60)
- Flaring nares
- Expiratory grunting, dyspnea
- Chest retractions – sternal and subcostal
- Seesaw respirations
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
- Sudden, unexpected death of an infant under 1 year old, usually during sleep
- Most common cause of death in children ages 1 month to 1 year
Learn about the nursing interventions and treatment options for pediatric patients with epiglottitis, including the use of cool mist vaporizers, corticosteroids like Dexamethasone and Budesonide, and the importance of parental presence during care.
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