Pediatric Medical Conditions Quiz

Developmental Milestones

• Infants may begin rolling over at 3 months of age.

Growth & Development

• A newborn weighing 6 lbs 8 oz should weigh approximately 13 lbs by 6 months of age.

Medical Conditions & Emergencies

Wilm's Tumor

• Location: Kidneys
• Examination precaution: Avoid palpation.

Sickle Cell Disease Crisis

• 12-year-old patient with sickle cell disease, blood pressure 80/40, heart rate 128: Splenic sequestration crisis.

Sickle Cell Disease Treatment

• Penicillin: Preventing infections
• Hydroxyurea: Increasing fetal hemoglobin production
• Morphine/Hydromorphone: Pain management (hospital setting)
• Folate: Supporting red blood cell production

Cardiac & Respiratory Disorders

Digoxin Administration

• Do not administer digoxin with food or formula.

Digoxin Toxicity Signs

• Signs: Anorexia, nausea, vomiting.

Coarctation of the Aorta

• Cardiac disorder: High blood pressure in upper extremities, low blood pressure in lower extremities.

Congenital Heart Defects (Cyanosis)

• Conditions associated with cyanosis: Tetralogy of Fallot (decreased pulmonary blood flow), Pulmonary stenosis (decreased pulmonary blood flow), Transposition of the Great Arteries (mixed blood flow).

Rheumatic Fever Symptoms

• Symptoms: Chorea, carditis, polyarthralgia, arthralgia, fever, C-reactive protein, subcutaneous nodules, erythema marginatum.

Genitourinary & Surgical Conditions

Testicular Torsion

• Genitourinary condition: Severe, sudden onset pain; immediate surgical intervention required.

Cryptorchidism

• Genitourinary condition: Infertility and increased cancer risk.

Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis (PSGN)

• Clinical signs (3): Hematuria, hypertension, edema.

Hypospadias Post-Op Care

• Interventions: Intake/output monitoring, intravenous fluids, catheter patency, pain assessment, surgical site assessment, catheter care.

Acute Glomerulonephritis (AGN) Nursing Care

• Interventions: Edema monitoring, monitoring hypertension, I&O (input and output), low-sodium diet, hematuria monitoring.

Diabetes & Blood Sugar Management

HbA1c Significance

• High HbA1c indicates poor glucose control over a 3-month period.

Insulin Mixing

• Do not mix long-acting insulin (e.g., Lantus) with other insulins.

Type 1 Diabetes Treatment

• Treatment: Subcutaneous insulin injections

Sick Child Management

• Anticipatory guidance for sick children: Check blood glucose every 4 hours, check urine for ketones, small sips of carbohydrate beverages, hold short-acting insulin.

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) Signs

• Signs: Dry mouth, frequent urination, ketones in urine, dry skin, nausea/vomiting, Kussmaul breathing, fruity breath, confusion.

Dosage Calculations

Amoxicillin Calculation

• Dosage 250mg, order: 500mg/5ml => Administer 2.5 ml

Amoxicillin Dosage (per kg)

• Safe dosage for a 10 kg child: 600-900 mg

Urine Output Calculation

• 5 kg child urinated 20ml in 4 hours: Acceptable - 1cc/kg/hr

Epinephrine Calculation

• Order: 0.3 mg Epinephrine, available: 0.5mg/ml => Administer 0.6ml

Pediatric Fluid Requirements

• 24-hour fluid requirement for a 12kg child: 1100 ml

Miscellaneous Conditions & Diseases

Hemophilia Facts

• Traits: Sex-linked transmission (X chromosome), Factor VIII deficiency, excessive bleeding risk (if untreated), range of motion exercise, Factor VIII administration.

Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis

• Differential diagnosis for a 3-week old with non-bilious, projectile vomiting.

Hirschsprung's Disease

• Newborn not passing meconium stool: Concern for Hirschsprung's disease

Ewing's Sarcoma

• 15 year old who fell and can't bear weight on leg after kick, potential Ewing's sarcoma (pathologic fracture)

Intussusception

• Infant with sausage-shaped abdomen mass, sudden crying, red jelly-like stool: Intussusception.

Transesophageal Fistula Nursing Diagnoses (highest to lowest priority)

• Ineffective airway clearance, impaired airway exchange, risk for aspiration, risk for infection, alteration in nutrition.