60 Questions
Which of the following is a potential consequence of immobilization in children?
Decreased muscle strength and mass
What are some primary pathological changes that occur during immobilization in children?
Decreased muscle strength and mass
What are the major effects of immobilization in children?
Decreased muscle strength and mass, decreased metabolism, and bone demineralization
What is the primary consequence of decreased muscle strength and mass due to immobilization?
Limitation of function and potential delay in age-appropriate milestones
What is a potential secondary effect of immobilization in children?
Pathophysiological changes affecting more than one body system
Which of the following is a key objective in caring for an immobilized child?
Outline a care plan for a child immobilized with an injury or a physically limiting condition
Which system is primarily affected by immobility according to the text?
Musculoskeletal system
What is a predictable consequence of immobilization mentioned in the text?
Decreased exercise tolerance
What are the most frequent reasons for immobility in children according to the text?
Congenital defects, degenerative disorders, and infections or injuries
What is a nursing consideration for the effects of immobilization on the cardiovascular system mentioned in the text?
Monitoring peripheral pulses and skin temperature changes
What are the therapeutic interventions responsible for prolonged immobilization according to the text?
Traction and spinal fusion
How does inactivity affect a child's growth and development according to the text?
It leads to a decrease in the functional capabilities of the whole body
What type of foods are essential to prevent negative nitrogen balance caused by decreased mobility and gastrointestinal function?
High-protein, high-calorie foods
When are supplementary feedings or IV fluids reserved for?
Serious disability when oral intake is difficult
What is recommended for children unable to move, often in consultation with a physiotherapist?
Passive exercise and movement
What is a valuable tool for educating small children about immobilization methods?
Using dolls or puppets
What is crucial in promoting bowel and kidney function and preventing complications?
Adequate hydration, an upright position, and remobilization
What is a useful intervention to help children cope with immobility and maintain autonomy?
Participation in self-care
What is one of the effects of immobilization on children?
Decreased communication skills
What is a crucial aspect of development that mobility is important for?
Mastery at every stage of development
What is a role of nurses in caring for immobilized children?
Anticipating family needs and coordinating care
What is a potential risk associated with prolonged immobilization?
Skin breakdown
What is a strategy for preventing skin breakdown in immobilized children?
Use of antiembolic stockings
What is a reliable tool for assessing pressure injury development in immobilized children?
The Braden Q Scale
What are some nursing considerations for children experiencing immobilization?
Encouraging frequent position changes, elevation of extremities, adequate fluid intake, and monitoring for signs of pulmonary embolism
What are some respiratory system effects of immobilization in children?
Decreased need for oxygen, altered oxygen–carbon dioxide exchange, and diminished vital capacity
What are some integumentary system effects of immobilization in children?
Decreased circulation, pressure leading to tissue injury, and difficulty with personal hygiene
What are some major musculoskeletal consequences of immobilization in children?
Significant decrease in muscle size, strength, and endurance, bone demineralization leading to osteoporosis, and contractures leading to decreased joint mobility
What can circulatory stasis combined with hypercoagulability of the blood lead to?
Thrombus and embolus formation, with deep vein thrombosis being a significant complication of immobilization
What are the psychological effects of immobilization in children?
Can have a significant impact, as physical activity is essential for growth and development during childhood
Which of the following is a primary effect of immobilization in children, as mentioned in the text?
Decreased muscle strength and mass
What is a potential secondary effect of immobilization in children, according to the text?
Delayed age-appropriate milestones
What are some results of immobilization in children, as outlined in the text?
Primary and produce a direct effect
What are the major effects of immobilization in children, as mentioned in the text?
Decreased muscle strength and mass, decreased metabolism, and bone demineralization
What is a predictable consequence of immobilization in children, according to the text?
Delayed age-appropriate milestones
What are some pathophysiological changes that affect more than one body system, as mentioned in the text?
Primary or secondary effects
Which of the following is a predictable consequence of immobilization in children?
Decreased exercise tolerance
What is a potential risk associated with prolonged immobilization in children?
Development of pressure injuries
What is a nursing consideration for the effects of immobilization on the cardiovascular system mentioned in the text?
Monitoring peripheral pulses and skin temperature changes
What are some major musculoskeletal consequences of immobilization in children?
Bone demineralization and disuse atrophy
What is a potential secondary effect of immobilization in children?
Negative nitrogen balance
How does inactivity affect a child's growth and development according to the text?
It imposes lasting effects on a child’s developmental progress
What is a potential consequence of circulatory stasis combined with hypercoagulability of the blood due to immobilization in children?
Pulmonary emboli
What is a major musculoskeletal consequence of immobilization in children?
Significant decrease in muscle size, strength, and endurance
What are some nursing considerations for children experiencing immobilization?
Encouraging frequent position changes and elevation of extremities
What are the integumentary system effects of immobilization in children?
Decreased circulation and pressure leading to tissue injury
What is a respiratory system effect of immobilization in children?
Decreased need for oxygen
What is a urinary system effect of immobilization in children?
Alteration of gravitational force and urinary retention
What are some potential psychological effects of immobilization in children?
Feelings of being forgotten and seeking attention through developmental behaviors
What is a crucial aspect of development that mobility is important for in children?
Gross motor skills
What is a potential risk associated with prolonged immobilization in children?
Increased risk for skin breakdown and DVT
What is a primary consequence of decreased muscle strength and mass due to immobilization in children?
Sluggish intellectual and psychomotor responses
What are some nursing care considerations for immobilized children?
Monitoring for complications and promoting physical activity
What is a strategy for preventing skin breakdown in immobilized children?
Using antiembolic stockings and intermittent compression devices
What is a recommended strategy for preventing skin breakdown in immobilized children?
Frequent repositioning and skin assessment
What is a potential risk associated with prolonged immobilization in children?
Decreased bone density
What is a crucial aspect of development that mobility is important for in children?
Gross motor skills
What is a potential psychological effect of immobilization in children?
Feelings of frustration and helplessness
What are some primary pathological changes that occur during immobilization in children?
Muscle atrophy and bone demineralization
What is a role of nurses in caring for immobilized children?
Promoting physical activity within the limits of the child's condition
Study Notes
Summary of Physical Effects of Immobilization in Children
- Immobilization can lead to primary effects such as venous stasis and secondary effects like systemic embolus or thrombus development, which can result in pulmonary emboli.
- Nursing considerations include encouraging frequent position changes, elevation of extremities, adequate fluid intake, active or passive exercise, routine wearing of antiembolism stockings, and monitoring for signs of pulmonary embolism.
- Immobilization can cause respiratory system effects such as decreased need for oxygen, altered oxygen–carbon dioxide exchange, and diminished vital capacity.
- It can also lead to gastrointestinal system effects like distension and difficulty in feeding in prone position, as well as urinary system effects such as alteration of gravitational force and urinary retention.
- Immobilization can result in integumentary system effects including decreased circulation, pressure leading to tissue injury, and difficulty with personal hygiene.
- Major musculoskeletal consequences of immobilization in children include significant decrease in muscle size, strength, and endurance, bone demineralization leading to osteoporosis, and contractures leading to decreased joint mobility.
- Circulatory stasis combined with hypercoagulability of the blood can lead to thrombus and embolus formation, with deep vein thrombosis being a significant complication of immobilization.
- Psychological effects of immobilization in children can have a significant impact, as physical activity is essential for growth and development during childhood.
Children's Immobility Management
- Children with illness or undergoing treatment should be encouraged to engage in as much activity as their condition allows.
- High-protein, high-calorie foods are essential to prevent negative nitrogen balance caused by decreased mobility and gastrointestinal function.
- Appetite stimulation through small servings of preferred foods can be effective in combating anorexia resulting from immobility.
- Supplementary feedings or IV fluids are reserved for serious disability when oral intake is difficult.
- Adequate hydration, an upright position, and remobilization are crucial in promoting bowel and kidney function and preventing complications.
- Passive exercise and movement are recommended for children unable to move, often in consultation with a physiotherapist.
- Using dolls or puppets to illustrate immobilization methods is a valuable tool for educating small children.
- Transporting children outside their room, using specially designed wheelchairs, and providing stimulating activities benefit hospitalized children.
- Allowing children to wear their own clothes, resume school activities, and have family members stay overnight minimizes family disruption.
- Participation in self-care is a useful intervention to help children cope with immobility and maintain autonomy.
- Consultations with various specialists and creating an enabling environment are also beneficial in the home to help children achieve independence and normalization.
- Family support and home care for children with complex or chronic conditions causing immobility can be challenging and often necessitate home modifications and suitable child care.
Test your knowledge about the physical effects of immobilization in children with this quiz. Explore the primary and secondary effects, nursing considerations, and system-specific impacts of immobilization, including respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary, integumentary, musculoskeletal, and circulatory stasis effects. Understand the psychological impact and nursing interventions for managing immobilization in children.
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