The Consequences of Immobilization

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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of immobilization?

The complete loss of limb and body movement

The restriction of body movement only

The restriction or physical limitation of limbs and body movement (correct)

The temporary loss of limb and body movement

Who is more prone to immobility syndrome?

Patients with respiratory system issues

Patients with neurological or musculoskeletal deficits (correct)

Patients with cardiovascular deficits

Young patients

What are the consequences of prolonged immobilization?

Decreased motor activity, altered sensation, and joint contractures

Decreased muscle strength and endurance, muscle disuse atrophy, and pathological fractures (correct)

Decreased muscle strength and endurance, altered sensation, and autonomic lability

Decreased motor activity, joint contractures, and pathological fractures

What are the four grades of classification for pressure ulcers?

Stage 1, stage 2, stage 3, stage 4 Signup and view all the answers

What are the strategies to alleviate immobilization?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What can physiotherapy do to alleviate immobilization?

Alleviate joint changes Signup and view all the answers

What is physical deconditioning syndrome?

The weakening of the body due to prolonged immobilization Signup and view all the answers

What is immobilization?

The restriction or physical limitation of limbs and body movement. Signup and view all the answers

Who is more prone to immobility syndrome?

Elderly patients and patients with neurological or musculoskeletal deficits Signup and view all the answers

What are some consequences of prolonged immobilization?

Decreased motor activity, altered sensation, and depression Signup and view all the answers

What are some musculoskeletal effects of prolonged immobilization?

Joint contractures, osteoporosis, and pathological fractures Signup and view all the answers

What are some strategies to alleviate immobilization?

Using anti-decubitus mattress and proper patient positioning Signup and view all the answers

What are some local adaptations to immobilization?

Softening and thickening of cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What are some joint changes due to immobilization?

Decreased subperiosteal osteoclast activity leading to avulsion Signup and view all the answers

How can physiotherapy help alleviate immobilization?

By performing isometric exercises and respiratory physiotherapy Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Consequences of Immobilization

Immobilization is the restriction or physical limitation of limbs and body movement.
The consequences of immobilization are independent of their cause and can lead to immobility syndrome and local adaptations.
Elderly patients, patients with neurological or musculoskeletal deficits are more prone to immobility syndrome.
Prolonged immobilization can lead to decreased motor activity, altered sensation, autonomic lability, depression, anxiety, and disorientation.
Musculoskeletal effects of prolonged immobilization include decreased muscle strength and endurance, muscle disuse atrophy, joint contractures, osteoporosis, and pathological fractures.
Immobilization can lead to cardiovascular and respiratory system issues, digestive system problems, renal endocrine system issues, integumentary system problems, and pressure ulcers.
Pressure ulcers have four grades of classification, ranging from limited epidermis damage to destruction of soft tissue until bone and exposure of joint structures.
Strategies to alleviate immobilization include proper patient positioning, anti-decubitus mattress, frequent changes of position, good skin hygiene, and management of bladder and bowel functions.
Other strategies include thromboembolic phenomenon prevention, adequate nutrition and hydration, controlling signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia, pressure ulcers, urinary tract infection, and pneumonia.
Physiotherapy can help alleviate immobilization, including progressive kinesitherapy of all joints, orthostatic retraining, isometric exercise, weight-bearing exercises, and respiratory physiotherapy.
Local adaptations to immobilization include increased osteoblastic activity in healthy subjects after 24 hours of immobilization, increased connective tissue and capillarization after three weeks of immobilization, ligament atrophy and decreased resistance after immobilization, and softening and thinning of cartilage.
Joint changes include decreased final load, energy absorbed, and modulus of elasticity, as well as increased subperiosteal osteoclast activity leading to avulsion. Immobilization can lead to physical deconditioning syndrome.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the consequences of immobilization with this informative quiz. From decreased muscle strength to pressure ulcers, this quiz covers the musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, renal endocrine, and integumentary system effects of immobilization. Learn about the strategies to alleviate immobilization and the local adaptations that can occur. See how much you know about physiotherapy and the importance of proper patient positioning. Take this quiz and increase your understanding of the consequences of immobilization.