Pediatric Growth and Development Quiz

Fluid loss of 6-9% of body weight.

Fluid loss of 10% or more of body weight, a medical emergency.

Shortness of breath, activity intolerance, pain, acute chest syndrome (chest pain/fever/difficulty breathing).

Hole between the atria (heart chambers) .

Hole between the ventricles (heart chambers) .

Failure of a fetal blood vessel to close after birth.

Four heart defects: pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, overriding aorta, and ventricular septal defect.

Acute systemic vasculitis primarily affecting children. High fever, rash, and other symptoms.

Infection of the meninges (membranes around the brain and spinal cord).

Narrowing of the aorta, most commonly linked to closure of ductus arteriosus.

A condition where there's too much cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain, causing increased pressure.

A serious illness affecting the brain and liver, often triggered by viral infections or aspirin use in children.

A type of abusive head trauma in infants caused by forceful shaking.

Injury to the brain caused by a blow to the head or body, often resulting in temporary neurological problems.

Injury involving ruptured blood vessels and hemorrhaging in the brain; potentially causing permanent disability.

Collection of blood within the brain due to ruptured blood vessels.

A three-part assessment (eye opening, verbal response, motor response) using a numerical scale (1-5) to evaluate a child's level of consciousness.

Fast-growing kidney tumor, often diagnosed late with large tumor and metastasis.

Palpable mass (don't palpate), pain, high blood pressure (hypertension) and fluid buildup in the lungs (crackles).

Removing the kidney and possibly radiation or chemotherapy, depending on the stage.

Undescended testicles, leads to infertility and increased risk of testicular cancer.

Palpate the testicles for proper descent, especially before 12 months.

Surgical correction (orchiopexy) to place the testicle.

Phimosis: foreskin can't retract (normal for newborns); Paraphimosis: EMERGENCY, retracted foreskin causes swelling and potential damage.

Follicular, ovulatory, and luteal phases, each impacting ovarian hormone levels.

Proliferative, secretory, and ischemic/menstrual phases of the uterine lining.

Never having a period, caused by conditions like Turner's syndrome, low weight, or stress.

Stopped menstruating after having periods before, often due to low weight, stress, or hormonal imbalances (including PCOS).

Treatment involves progestin/estrogen combinations, pregnancy tests, ultrasounds, surgery if needed, and iron supplementation (for potential anemia).

Vague pain in the beginning, then moving to the lower right side (RLQ); nausea and vomiting. Feeling unwell.

A CT scan and a high white blood cell count (WBC) are common tests.

Trisomy 21; an extra copy of chromosome 21.

Intellectual disability, specific facial features (e.g., slanted eyes), and health problems (e.g., cardiac defects).

Genetic testing to confirm the extra chromosome 21.

Inflammation or infection of tonsils, often bacterial (GAS).

Infection spreading to surrounding areas (peritonsillar abscess).

Airway swelling (can be viral, bacterial, or spasmodic), causing restricted airflow; usually self-limiting.

Nasal congestion, fever, barky cough, hoarseness. Respiratory distress possible.

Serious, life-threatening inflammation of the epiglottis; typically affects ages 2-8.

Severe respiratory distress, drooling, agitation, difficulty swallowing; no spontaneous cough.

Inflammation of the bronchioles, often caused by RSV; characterized by mucus production and edema.

A genetic disorder affecting the lungs and other organs, causing thick mucus buildup.

Medication that helps regulate the function of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein.

A neural tube defect causing incomplete closure of the spine.

A condition characterized by an abnormally flat head.

A sideways curvature of the spine.

A chronic autoimmune disorder targeting joints.

A break in a bone that separates into two or more distinct pieces.

A break in a bone that doesn't separate it into two or more distinct pieces.

A bone fracture that breaks the skin.

Severe burns that affect all layers of skin, needing immediate medical attention.

Skin irritation or inflammation in the diaper area often caused by moisture.

Chronic, itchy skin rash often starting in infancy.

An autoimmune disorder causing insufficient insulin secretion, often starting in childhood.

A serious complication of diabetes where the body produces excess ketones, leading to metabolic acidosis.