37 Questions
What is the most common cause of severe cyanosis that persists after birth?
Transposition of Great Arteries
Which blood vessel receives oxygenated blood directly from the left ventricle?
Pulmonary Trunk
What is the defect resulting from the failure of proper alignment of the aorticopulmonary septum in the midline?
Transposition of Great Arteries
Why does the right ventricle hypertrophy occur in certain cardiovascular conditions?
Narrowing of the Pulmonary Trunk Base
Which condition arises due to the anterior malalignment of the membranous interventricular septum?
Ventricular Septal Defect
In case of unequal division of the Truncus Arteriosus, which cardiovascular alteration occurs?
Pulmonary Stenosis
What will happen if one major blood vessel is bigger than the other due to improper division of the Truncus Arteriosus?
Narrow Right Ventricular Outflow
What is the direct consequence of a narrow pulmonary trunk base on blood flow?
Decreased flow to the body
What happens to the 1st Pharyngeal Arch Artery (PAA) by day 27?
It forms the Maxillary Artery.
What is the role of the Aorticopulmonary septum in heart development?
Divides the heart into the Aorta and the Pulmonary Trunk.
Which arteries arise as outgrowths from the root of the Internal Carotid Artery?
External Carotid Arteries
What is the ultimate fate of the 4th Pharyngeal Arch Artery (PAA)?
It persists but has different outcomes on each side.
What vascular structure forms from the proximal part of the 3rd Pharyngeal Arch Artery (PAA)?
Common Carotid Artery
What happens to most of the 2nd Pharyngeal Arch Artery (PAA)?
It transforms into the Hyoid & Stapedial Arteries.
What happens to the Dorsal Aorta between the 3rd and 4th PAA?
It disappears.
What is the underlying cause of cyanotic heart disease in the context of overridden aorta?
Mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
Which structure will the aorta be found lying on in the case of an overridden aorta?
Both ventricles
From which segment will the smooth part of the ventricles leading to respective blood vessels form?
TA
What results from the failure of spiraling of APS in the context of great vessels?
Transposition of great vessels
Which mechanism leads to the development of new vessels by sprouting from existing vessels?
Angiogenesis
What is the main consequence of persistent truncus arteriosus?
Mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
Which structure does not contribute to making Tetralogy of Fallot the most common congenital cyanotic heart disease?
Pulmonary veins
'Vascular Development' mainly occurs through which process in terms of new vessels development?
• Angiogenesis: Vessels sprout from existing vessels.
What clinical feature is commonly seen in patients with Pulmonary Hypertension due to a Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)?
Dyspnoea (difficulty in breathing)
What is a significant complication of Coarctation of the Aorta?
Hypertension
Where does Coarctation of the Aorta commonly occur?
In the descending aorta
What is one of the classification types for Coarctation of the Aorta?
Juxtaductal= Coarctation before the Ductus Arteriosus
What is a common clinical feature seen in patients with Coarctation of the Aorta?
Machinery murmur
What can happen when pulmonary blood vessels’ pressure increases significantly?
Pulmonary hypertension
What is one complication associated with left heart failure in Coarctation of the Aorta?
Renal failure
Which limb will generally exhibit higher pulses, temperature, and pressure when compared to the lower limbs in Coarctation of the Aorta?
Left upper limb
What is the main reason behind more blood being pumped to the branches supplying the upper limbs in all 3 types mentioned?
The narrowing is after the Arch of the Aorta branches
In Eisenmenger Syndrome, what happens if the initial L→R shunt is left untreated?
The pressure in pulmonary circulation becomes higher than systemic circulation
What is the result of the walls of pulmonary circulation blood vessels enlarging over time?
Thrombosis and rise in resistance
What is the mechanism by which increased pulmonary flow leads to vessels becoming thrombosed?
Unknown mechanism
What causes an increase in pulmonary pressure in Eisenmenger Syndrome?
Rise in resistance of pulmonary vasculature
In Eisenmenger Syndrome, what happens when a state of equilibrium between pulmonary and systemic pressure is reached?
Bidirectional mixing between shunt occurs only
This quiz provides an overview of common pediatric cardiology defects including Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) and Coarctation of the Aorta. Learn about the clinical features and implications of these defects.
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