9004 - Pediatric Burn Treatment Protocols

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Questions and Answers

What is the first step to be taken in the management of a patient with major burns (> 9%)?

Administer pain medication immediately.

Cover the burn with a cream.

Initiate vascular access. (correct)

Apply ice to the burned area.

Which method is used to estimate the body surface area (BSA) burned based on the patient's palm?

Rule of Eights

Rule of Palms (correct)

Rule of Nines

Rule of Sevens

In which scenario should a patient with partial thickness burns greater than 9% be transported to a burn center?

If the patient has a fever over 100°F.

If the burns are contained to the arms and legs.

If the patient shows signs of dehydration.

If there is evidence of possible inhalation injury. (correct)

What should NOT be done when treating a burn?

Apply ice to the burned area. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What immediate action should be taken if a fire occurs in an enclosed space?

Consider possible smoke inhalation. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal when applying cool running water to a burn?

To stop the burning process (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which intervention is crucial to prevent mortality in pediatric burn patients?

Maintaining body temperature above 37°C (A) Signup and view all the answers

What should be done when treating caustic and chemical burns?

Wear protective clothing and gloves (B) Signup and view all the answers

How long should cool running water be applied to a burn?

20 minutes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical sign of potential inhalation injury in burn patients?

Singed nasal hairs (D) Signup and view all the answers

What initial step should be taken before any other interventions in cases of burns?

Remove the patient from the source of the burn (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methods is inappropriate for managing electrical burns?

Apply ointments immediately (D) Signup and view all the answers

Match the following burn treatment protocols with their correct descriptions:

Stop the burning process = Apply cool running water for 20 minutes Assess for inhalation injury = Check for singed nasal hairs and hoarse voice Estimate the size of the burn = Use the patient's palm method Avoid hypothermia = Warm and maintain normal body temperature during transport Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of burns with their specific management instructions:

Caustic burns = Wear protective clothing and consider hazardous materials Electrical burns = Dress all entrance and exit wounds Chemical burns = Do not scrub the affected area after cooling Heat burns = Remove clothing and jewelry heat-damaged Signup and view all the answers

Match the following interventions with their intended outcomes:

Applying cool running water = Reduce temperature and prevent further skin damage Maintaining normal temperature = Decrease mortality risk in hypothermic patients Administering supplemental O2 = Ensure SpO2 stays at or above 94% Removing burning clothing = Stop the continued burning process on the skin Signup and view all the answers

Match the following methods of burn assessment with their purposes:

Estimating burn size = Determine treatment level needed Assessing for inhalation injury = Identify need for airway support Identifying entry and exit wounds = Evaluate electrical burn severity Cool running water application = Initiate pain relief and cooling of the skin Signup and view all the answers

Match the following actions with their timing in burn treatment:

Remove patient from the source = First step in managing burns Apply cool running water = Initiated after removing smoldering clothing Assess inhalation injury = Prioritize after ABCs are secured Wrap with protective clothing = Before transferring to a medical facility Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components of burn management with their correct order:

Remove burning clothing = First Stop burning process = Second Assess ABCs = Third Estimate burn size = Fourth Signup and view all the answers

Match the following treatments with their appropriate circumstances related to burn management:

20ml/kg NS fluid bolus = For patients with major burns (>9%) or hypotension Albuterol 5 mg via HHN = For wheezing in burn patients Pain medication as per PD# 9018 = For partial thickness burns with severe pain Dry non-stick gauze = To cover a cooling burn Signup and view all the answers

Match the following burn treatment guidelines with their associated details:

Rule of Palm = Uses the patient's palm to measure BSA burned Rule of Nines = Estimates body surface area burned by sections Initiate vascular access = Preferred in unburned areas for major burns Transport to UCDMC Burn Center = For any electrical burn or significant inhalation injury Signup and view all the answers

Match the following signs of treatment complications with the appropriate burn management:

Check for associated injuries = After cooling the burn is performed Transport to closest E.D. = In cases of cardiac arrest Consider pain medication = For burns without evidence of internal injuries Avoid ice or creams = For burn treatment guidelines Signup and view all the answers

Match the following situations with their recommended actions in burn management:

Smoke inhalation suspected = Consider carbon monoxide poisoning Patient exhibits hypotension = Administer NS fluid bolus Burn to the face = Transport patient to UCDMC Burn Center Fire in an enclosed space = Use heater in passenger compartment Signup and view all the answers

Match the following body area considerations with their implications in burn care:

Major joints = Burns warrant transportation to a specialized center Hands or feet = Require special consideration for treatment Genitalia or perineum = Indicates need for expert medical input Unburned areas = Preferred for vascular access during treatment Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Purpose and Authority

Establishes treatment standards for pediatric patients with burns from caustic materials, electricity, or heat.
Authority based on California Health and Safety Code and California Code of Regulations.

Protocol Overview

Maintaining temperature in prehospital settings is critical; hypothermia increases mortality for temperatures below 37°C (98.6°F).
Simple interventions, like warming, can reduce mortality during transport; avoid hyperthermia.

Basic Life Support (BLS) Steps

Remove patient from burn source and any burning/smoldering clothing; also remove jewelry.
Perform ABCs (Airway, Breathing, Circulation).
Assess for inhalation injuries; watch for singed nasal hairs, hoarse voice, or facial burns. Administer supplemental oxygen to maintain SpO2 ≥ 94%.
Estimate burn size using the patient's palm (1% of body surface).
Cool the burn with running water for a cumulative total of 20 minutes; stop burning process.
For caustic burns, wear protective gear, apply cool water, and avoid scrubbing.
With electrical burns, check and dress all entrance and exit wounds.
Prevent hypothermia; keep unaffected body parts warm.
After cooling, cover the burn with loose plastic wrap or dry non-stick gauze. Avoid ice or creams.

Advanced Life Support (ALS) Steps

Initiate vascular access for major burns (>9% body surface area) or hypotension; administer 20ml/kg normal saline bolus.
If wheezing is present, administer 5 mg of Albuterol via nebulizer or mask/BVM.
Monitor patient with cardiac monitor and SpO2.
Consider pain medication for partial thickness burns with severe pain, if there are no signs of internal injury.

Transport Guidelines

Transport to UCDMC Burn Center for:
- Partial thickness burns >9% body surface area.
- Any electrical or chemical burn.
- Evidence of inhalation injury.
- Burns on the face, hands, feet, genitalia, perineum, or major joints.
Patients in cardiac arrest should go to the nearest emergency department.

Burn Size Estimation Methods

Rule of Palm: Use the patient's palm to estimate burn size (1% of body surface area).
Rule of Nines: Another method to assess total body surface area affected by burns.

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Description

This quiz covers the critical protocols for treating pediatric patients with burns from various sources, including caustic materials, electricity, and heat. It emphasizes the importance of maintaining body temperature and recognizing symptoms of inhalation injuries. Test your knowledge on Basic Life Support steps and effective interventions in prehospital settings.