Pediatric Assessment and Emergency Treatment

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What are the symptoms of new onset DKA in pediatrics?

Confusion, frequent urination, extreme thirst, nausea/vomiting, abdominal pain, weakness, SOB, weight loss that is rapid, and fruity scented breath (ketones).

What is the significance of a 'flaccid' tone in a pediatric patient's appearance?

It may indicate neurological impairment or decreased level of consciousness.

What is the primary reason for pediatric patients being preferential nasal breathers?

Their underdeveloped intercostal muscles make them diaphragmatic breathers.

What is the treatment for a patient in DT experiencing increased sympathetic response, causing tachycardia and increased blood pressure?

Maybe intubate, Haldol, and benzo infusion. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a 'vacant stare' in a pediatric patient's gaze?

It may indicate decreased level of consciousness or neurological impairment. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary assessment finding that indicates respiratory distress in a pediatric patient?

Nasal flaring, retractions, tachypnea, head bobbing, seesaw respirations, grunting, or stridor. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of 'cyanosis' in a pediatric patient's appearance?

It may indicate respiratory or cardiovascular impairment. Signup and view all the answers

What are the different components of the pediatric secondary assessment and what do each of the letters stand for?

C: chief complaint I: immuniztions A- allergies, M – medications, P – past medical hx, E – events, D – diet/diapers, S – symptoms. Each letter represents a different aspect of a patient's medical history and current condition. Signup and view all the answers

When approaching a 6-month-old patient, what is an important consideration to maximize parental involvement?

Directly facing the infant and maximizing parental involvement. Signup and view all the answers

What are some age-specific considerations when communicating with a 3-year-old patient?

Using simple, concrete language and providing choices to help them feel more in control. Signup and view all the answers

What are some age-specific considerations when communicating with a 14-year-old patient?

Using clear, honest communication, providing privacy, and directly involving them in their care and decisions. Signup and view all the answers

What are some key differences in the cardiac system between pediatric and elderly patients?

In elderly patients, cardiac hypertrophy can lead to decreased coronary blood flow, and ST changes on ECG can cause arrhythmias. Signup and view all the answers

How do kyphosis and scoliosis affect the respiratory system in elderly patients?

Kyphosis and scoliosis can lead to more dead space and decreased expiratory flow, affecting V/Q and decreasing oxygenation. Signup and view all the answers

What is an important consideration when managing a patient with a spinal injury, especially in the elderly population?

Changes to the c-spine, osteoporosis, and kyphosis may make it difficult for c-collar application and positioning for intubation. Signup and view all the answers

How does age affect tissue sensitivity to insulin, and what are the implications for patient care?

Tissue sensitivity to insulin decreases with age, making elderly patients more prone to complications from altered blood sugar levels. Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of beta¹ stimulation on the heart?

Increased heart rate and contractility, which increases cardiac output Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial dose of amiodarone in cardiac arrest?

300mg IV bolus Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of atropine on the heart?

Increases heart rate by blocking the effect of vagal stimulation on the SA and AV node Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'C' in the PAT triangle represent in pediatric assessment?

circulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'I' in pediatric assessment?

To determine if the child's immunizations are up to date and if they have been exposed to any illness Signup and view all the answers

What is the uses of atropine in cardiac arrest?

For symptomatic bradycardia Signup and view all the answers