Pearson Mastering Biology Chapter 1 Quiz & Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

DNA is composed of building blocks called _____.

nucleotides

In eukaryotic cells, DNA has the appearance of a _____.

double helix

What is the correct order for the hierarchy of biological organization from the least to the most complex?

molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem

Which of the following statements is true about chemical elements in an ecosystem?

They recycle within the ecosystem, being constantly reused. Signup and view all the answers

All of the individuals of the same species living within a specified area is known as a _____.

population Signup and view all the answers

All of the living things in a particular area along with all of the nonliving aspects of the environment with which organisms interact is known as _____.

an ecosystem Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the forms by which energy flows through an ecosystem from entry to exit?

Light → chemical → heat Signup and view all the answers

Which taxonomic domain includes multicellular photosynthetic organisms?

Eukarya Signup and view all the answers

Living things are divided into three different domains. Which of these domains are classified as prokaryotes?

Bacteria and Archaea Signup and view all the answers

Strong evidence in support of the common ancestry of all life comes from _____.

the existence of a nearly universal genetic code Signup and view all the answers

Charles Darwin proposed that 'descent with modification' resulted when organisms of a particular species become adapted to their environment because they possess _____.

heritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local environment Signup and view all the answers

Which of these individuals is likely to be most successful in an evolutionary sense?

an organism that dies after five days of life but leaves 10 offspring, all of whom survive to reproduce Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was Charles Darwin's most significant original contribution to understanding both the unity and diversity of life?

He proposed a mechanism to explain the process of evolution Signup and view all the answers

In order for a hypothesis to be used in science, which of the following must be true?

The hypothesis must be testable and falsifiable Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true of a scientific theory?

It generates testable hypotheses. Signup and view all the answers

In her studies of chimpanzee behavior, Jane Goodall collected both qualitative and quantitative data. Give an example of quantitative data.

Mothers and their infants typically nap for two to three hours each afternoon Signup and view all the answers

A controlled experiment is one in which _____.

there are at least two groups, one of which does not receive the experimental treatment Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important that an experiment include a control group?

A control group provides a reference by which to determine if a particular outcome may reasonably result from the variable being tested Signup and view all the answers

All the organisms on your campus make up __________.

a community Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the logic of scientific inquiry?

If my hypothesis is correct, I can expect certain test results Signup and view all the answers

Which example illustrates a property that emerges at the community level?

Metabolic cooperation between prokaryotic cells forms a biofilm that allows bacterial colonies to transport nutrients and wastes Signup and view all the answers

Select the most accurate statement about the interaction between a tree and its physical environment.

A tree and its physical environment alter each other Signup and view all the answers

The universal genetic language of DNA is common to virtually all organisms on Earth, however diverse. What is the best explanation for this fact?

All living things share a common genetic language of DNA because they share a common ancestry Signup and view all the answers

Select the correct statement about the process of scientific inquiry.

It is possible to test hypotheses, such as those involving historical events, without conducting experiments Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

DNA and Genetic Code

DNA is made up of nucleotide building blocks.
In eukaryotic cells, DNA is structured as a double helix.
The universal genetic language of DNA is common across all organisms, indicating a shared ancestry.

Biological Organization

Hierarchy of biological organization: molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem.

Ecosystems and Energy Flow

Chemical elements in an ecosystem are recycled and reused through processes like decomposition.
Energy flow in ecosystems follows the sequence: light → chemical → heat.

Taxonomy and Classification

Multicellular photosynthetic organisms are classified under the domain Eukarya, particularly in the kingdom Plantae.
Prokaryotic domains include Bacteria and Archaea.

Evolution and Natural Selection

Strong evidence for common ancestry comes from the existence of a nearly universal genetic code.
Charles Darwin introduced "descent with modification" related to adaptation based on heritable traits that improve survival and reproduction.
An organism that produces numerous offspring, even if it has a short life, has high evolutionary success.

Scientific Hypotheses and Theories

For a hypothesis to be valid in science, it must be testable and falsifiable.
Scientific theories generate testable hypotheses and are supported by extensive evidence.

Data Collection in Research

Jane Goodall's work illustrates the collection of qualitative and quantitative data; quantitative data example: typical nap duration of chimpanzee mothers and infants.
A controlled experiment requires at least two groups, one serving as a control that does not receive the experimental treatment.

Community and Interactions

A campus's living organisms make up a community.
Emergent properties at the community level can include cooperative behaviors, like biofilm formation among prokaryotic cells.

Scientific Inquiry and Predictions

Logic of scientific inquiry: if a hypothesis is correct, specific test results can be expected.
Control groups are essential as they provide a baseline to evaluate the effects of the experimental variable.
Scientific inquiry can test historical hypotheses without experiments, evaluating predictions against collected data.

Interaction with Environment

Trees and their environments mutually influence each other, showcasing dynamic interactions.

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Description

Test your knowledge of Chapter 1 from Pearson's Mastering Biology with these flashcards! Cover essential concepts such as DNA structure, eukaryotic cells, and the hierarchy of biological organization. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding in biology.

Pearson Mastering Biology Chapter 1 Flashcards