Biology Final Exam - Chapter 16 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

An Okazaki fragment has which of the following arrangements?

5ʹ DNA to 3ʹ

3ʹ RNA nucleotides, DNA nucleotides 5ʹ

5ʹ RNA nucleotides, DNA nucleotides 3ʹ (correct)

primase, polymerase, ligase

DNA polymerase I, DNA polymerase III

What is meant by the description 'antiparallel' regarding the strands that make up DNA?

Base pairings create unequal spacing between the two DNA strands.

One strand contains only purines and the other contains only pyrimidines.

The twisting nature of DNA creates nonparallel strands.

One strand is positively charged and the other is negatively charged.

The 5ʹ to 3ʹ direction of one strand runs counter to the 5ʹ to 3ʹ direction of the other strand. (correct)

Which of the following investigators was/were responsible for the discovery that in DNA from any species, the amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine equals the amount of cytosine?

Frederick Griffith

Erwin Chargaff (correct)

Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase

Oswald Avery, Maclyn McCarty, and Colin MacLeod

Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl

What is the basis for the difference in how the leading and lagging strands of DNA molecules are synthesized?

DNA polymerase can join new nucleotides only to the 3ʹ end of a growing strand. Signup and view all the answers

In analyzing the number of different bases in a DNA sample, which result would be consistent with the base-pairing rules?

A + G = C + T Signup and view all the answers

The elongation of the leading strand during DNA synthesis

depends on the action of DNA polymerase. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can be determined directly from X-ray diffraction photographs of crystallized DNA?

the diameter of the helix Signup and view all the answers

What determines the nucleotide sequence of the newly synthesized strand during DNA replication?

the nucleotide sequence of the template strand Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of DNA polymerase III?

to add nucleotides to the end of a growing DNA strand Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Okazaki Fragments

Okazaki fragments consist of 5ʹ RNA nucleotides followed by DNA nucleotides oriented 3ʹ.

Antiparallel Strands

The antiparallel nature of DNA means one strand runs from 5ʹ to 3ʹ while the complementary strand runs from 3ʹ to 5ʹ.

Chargaff's Rule

Erwin Chargaff discovered that in all species, the amount of adenine (A) equals thymine (T) and guanine (G) equals cytosine (C).

Leading vs. Lagging Strands

The distinction between leading and lagging strands arises because DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to the 3ʹ end of a DNA strand.

Base-Pairing Rules

The analysis of DNA bases shows that the sum of adenine (A) and guanine (G) equals the sum of cytosine (C) and thymine (T), indicating complementary base pairing.

Elongation of Leading Strand

The elongation of the leading strand during DNA synthesis depends on the action of DNA polymerase.

X-Ray Diffraction

X-ray diffraction photographs of crystallized DNA can directly reveal the diameter of the DNA helix.

Nucleotide Sequence Determination

The nucleotide sequence of the newly synthesized DNA strand during replication is determined by the sequence of the template strand.

Function of DNA Polymerase III

DNA polymerase III is responsible for adding nucleotides to the growing end of a DNA strand during replication.

Description

Test your knowledge of DNA structure and replication with these flashcards focused on Chapter 16. Each card presents key concepts and definitions to help you prepare for your biology final exam. Ideal for reviewing important topics before the big test.