Peace Leadership Concepts
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Questions and Answers

Which characteristic of a peace leader involves understanding others' experiences and emotions?

  • Vision
  • Inclusiveness
  • Resilience
  • Empathy (correct)

What significant global organization was established in 1945 to promote peace?

  • World Health Organization
  • United Nations (correct)
  • International Red Cross
  • European Union

Which action is NOT typically associated with peace leadership?

  • Peaceful conflict resolution
  • Standing up for what is right
  • Aggressive negotiations (correct)
  • Listening to others

Which benefit of peace leadership relates to fostering trust and cooperation within communities?

<p>Social Cohesion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is recognized for advocating nonviolent resistance in India's struggle for independence?

<p>Mahatma Gandhi (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary focus of peace leadership beyond just ending conflict?

<p>Building inclusive, sustainable communities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following individuals is known for advocating for girls' education?

<p>Malala Yousafzai (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What individual benefit of peace leadership helps to reduce stress and anxiety?

<p>Mental Well-being (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which quality of peace leaders involves remaining calm during challenges?

<p>Patience (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action is vital for promoting peace through sustainable development?

<p>Environmental protection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant disadvantage of hiring workers through an agency?

<p>Workers are at risk of job insecurity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of globalization is characterized by the standardization of cultural expressions worldwide?

<p>Cultural globalization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which policy is aimed at reducing government restrictions to encourage private business participation?

<p>Liberalization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary reason for involuntary migration?

<p>Natural disasters (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which international organization is primarily focused on improving global trade policies?

<p>World Trade Organization (WTO) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) contribute to the Philippine economy?

<p>By sending remittances home (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT describe the role of the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE)?

<p>Regulating international trade (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which skill is perceived to be the least critical for the workforce in 2025?

<p>Resilience, stress tolerance and flexibility (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main effects of economic globalization?

<p>Increased international capital flows (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of migrant moves abroad with the intention of returning after a specific period?

<p>Temporary migrants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of unemployment is primarily caused by workers transitioning between jobs?

<p>Frictional Unemployment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant problem affecting employment stability in the Philippines?

<p>Contractualization practices (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about the Labor Code of the Philippines?

<p>It promotes equal opportunities regardless of race. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT contribute to the high unemployment rate in the Philippines?

<p>High levels of education (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for people who are actively seeking work but currently unemployed?

<p>Active unemployed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of unemployment occurs when industries have varying demands at different times of the year?

<p>Seasonal Unemployment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the Philippine minimum wage, who determines the wage rates?

<p>Regional Tripartite Wages and Productivity Board (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main causes of cyclical unemployment?

<p>Declining demand in the economy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which skill is ranked as one of the top skills likely to grow in prominence by 2025?

<p>Active learning strategies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact does automation primarily have on the labor sector?

<p>Displaces jobs in industries like manufacturing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process involves the selling of state-owned assets to encourage private sector participation?

<p>Privatization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under the Labor Code of the Philippines, what is the maximum probationary period for an employee before they can be considered 'regular'?

<p>Six months (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following practices is explicitly allowed under Article 106 of the Labor Code?

<p>Contractualization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Regional Tripartite Wages and Productivity Board (RTWPB) in the Philippines?

<p>To determine and review minimum wage rates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the abbreviation ENDO refer to in the context of employment in the Philippines?

<p>End of Contract (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes 'deregulation'?

<p>Lifting governmental controls over utilities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the essence of liberalization in an economic context?

<p>Reducing government restrictions to enhance competition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of minimum wage laws in the Philippines, what cannot reduce the set wage level?

<p>Regional economic conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant disadvantage does contractualization present to employees?

<p>Inability to secure regularized status (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms describes unrestricted trade between countries?

<p>Free Trade (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant characteristic of frictional unemployment?

<p>It arises from temporary transitions in workers' lives. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes structural unemployment?

<p>It arises when skills of workers do not match job requirements. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor primarily contributes to cyclical unemployment?

<p>Changes in consumer demand for goods and services. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is labor force participation considered an important economic indicator?

<p>It indicates the proportion of the population actively engaged in employment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines seasonal unemployment?

<p>Unemployment caused by variations in labor demand during different times of the year. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does peace leadership relate specifically to social justice movements?

<p>It guides collaborative efforts toward justice and inclusion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key development that led to the growth of peace leadership after World War II?

<p>The establishment of the United Nations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which activity is aligned with the principles of peace leadership?

<p>Creating inclusive communities that work together. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did Mahatma Gandhi play in the context of peace leadership?

<p>He promoted nonviolent resistance to achieve social change. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the evolution of peace leadership?

<p>It has expanded to encompass sustainability and community building. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) has no role in advising the Executive branch on labor policies.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under the Labor Code of the Philippines, contractualization allows employers to end contracts before the six-month employment period.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Deregulation is the process of increasing government restrictions over trade and public utilities.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Liberalization aims to encourage greater competition by reducing government interventions in the economy.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Free trade imposes tariffs and subsidies on goods exchanged between countries.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Peace Leadership

Guiding others to work together for justice, inclusion, and positive change; inspiring action for humanity and the planet.

Peace Leadership Actions

Actions like listening to others, peacefully resolving conflict, and standing up for what is right.

Individual Benefits of Peace Leadership

Improved mental well-being, personal growth, and stronger relationships.

Societal Benefits of Peace Leadership

Stronger societies, respect for human rights, and sustainable development goals.

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Empathy (Peace Leader)

Understanding and sharing the feelings of others, crucial for effective peace leadership

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Patience (Peace Leader)

Remaining calm and thoughtful, even during challenges.

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Resilience (Peace Leader)

Staying committed to peace, even when facing obstacles.

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Vision (Peace Leader)

Thinking about long-term harmony and peace, not just the present

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Inclusiveness (Peace Leader)

Encouraging collaboration and respecting all voices.

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Mahatma Gandhi

Advocate for nonviolent resistance and India's independence, famous for peaceful protests.

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Problem-solving skills

The ability to identify and solve problems effectively.

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Active learning

A style of learning where the learner is actively involved in the learning process.

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Unemployment

A situation where people who are actively looking for work are unable to find it.

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Labor force participation rate

The percentage of working-age population either employed or actively seeking employment.

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Minimum wage

The lowest amount of salary an employer can pay a worker, by law.

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Frictional unemployment

Temporary unemployment caused by job transitions (e.g., moving, changing careers).

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Structural unemployment

Unemployment caused by a mismatch between skills needed and jobs available.

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Cyclical unemployment

Unemployment due to reduced demand in the economy.

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Seasonal unemployment

Unemployment due to seasonal demands in certain industries.

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Underemployment

A situation where workers are in jobs that don't utilize their skills or pay adequately.

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Labor Flexibility

Hiring workers on a temporary basis based on company needs, without providing benefits.

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DOLE's Role

The Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) formulates and implements policies to protect Filipino workers and advise the government on labor issues.

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Labor Code of the Philippines

A set of laws regulating employment and worker welfare, aiming to protect labor, promote full employment, and ensure equal opportunities.

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Globalization

The growing interconnectedness of countries, economies, and cultures on a global scale, influencing societies and economies.

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Economic Globalization

Increased interdependence of economies through trade, investment, and capital flows.

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Cultural Globalization

The spread of ideas, values, and cultural practices across the world.

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Political Globalization

The growing influence of international organizations and treaties, affecting state sovereignty and the role of nation-states.

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Economic Liberalization

Reducing or removing government restrictions to promote free-market principles and private business participation.

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Free Trade

Allowing goods and services to move freely between countries without restrictions like tariffs or quotas.

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International Organizations' Role

International organizations like the UN, WTO, IMF, and World Bank engage with the Philippines to provide aid and promote economic policies.

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Labor Code

This set of laws known as the Philippines' Labor Code outlines the rules governing employment and ensures workers' rights are protected. It aims to promote fair work practices and equal opportunities for all.

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Liberalization

This economic approach involves loosening government control to allow more private businesses to operate, encouraging competition and fostering free-market principles.

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Deregulation

This refers to the government reducing its control over businesses and industries, allowing them more freedom to operate.

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Privatization

This involves selling state-owned assets and services to private companies, increasing private sector involvement in the economy.

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ENDO (End of Contract)

This illegal practice ends employment contracts before the 6-month probationary period, preventing employees from gaining regular status and benefits.

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Contractualization

This allows employers to hire workers on short-term contracts, which may be renewed. However, it can be used to exploit workers by preventing them from gaining regular employment benefits.

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Regional Tripartite Wages and Productivity Board (RTWPB)

This board sets the minimum wage rates for different regions in the Philippines, factoring in economic conditions and cost of living.

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Labor Force Participation

The percentage of working-age people who are employed or actively seeking jobs.

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Malala Yousafzai

A peace activist who advocates for girls' education, youngest Nobel Prize laureate, speaks out against oppression and violence.

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Mother Teresa

A humanitarian who dedicated her life to helping the poor, promoting compassion and love.

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José Rizal

A national hero who advocated for reform through peaceful means; his writings inspired the Philippine revolution against Spanish colonization.

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What is Liberalization?

The process of reducing or removing government restrictions in an economy to encourage private businesses to participate more.

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What is Contractualization?

A practice that allows employers to hire workers on short-term contracts, often renewed but without regular employee benefits.

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What is Privatization?

The process of selling government-owned assets and services to private companies.

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Study Notes

Peace Leadership

  • Emerged from 20th-century peace and social justice movements
  • Gained momentum after World War II with the UN's founding in 1945
  • Focus expanded to include building inclusive, sustainable communities, not just ending conflict
  • Involves guiding others towards justice, inclusion, and positive change
  • Features inspiration for individual and collective action for humanity and the planet
  • Is about leadership that promotes cooperation for a friendly and fair environment

Peace Leadership Actions

  • Active listening to others
  • Peaceful conflict resolution
  • Standing up for what's right

Individual Benefits of Peace Leadership

  • Reduced stress and anxiety, promoting security
  • Encouraged education and aspirations for personal growth
  • Fostering trust and cooperation in relationships

Societal Benefits of Peace Leadership

  • Encourages collaboration towards common goals
  • Promotes respect and dignity for all individuals
  • Essential for achieving long-term development goals

Characteristics of a Peace Leader

  • Empathy: Understanding others' experiences and emotions
  • Patience: Remaining calm and thoughtful during challenges
  • Resilience: Staying committed to peace despite setbacks
  • Vision: Seeing beyond immediate conflicts to long-term harmony
  • Inclusiveness: Encouraging collaboration and respecting all voices

Examples of Peace Leaders

  • Mahatma Gandhi: Advocated for nonviolent resistance, aiding India's independence
  • Malala Yousafzai: Advocate for girls' education, youngest Nobel Prize laureate, speaks against oppression and violence
  • Mother Teresa: Humanitarian work, promoting compassion and love to the poor
  • José Rizal: Philippine national hero, advocated for peaceful reform, inspiring the revolution
  • Gina Lopez: Environmental activist, promoted peace through sustainable development and environmental protection

Types of Skills for Peace Leader

  • Problem-solving
  • Self-management
  • Working with others
  • Technology use and development

Top 10 Skills of 2025

  • Analytical thinking and innovation
  • Active learning and learning strategies
  • Complex problem-solving
  • Critical thinking and analysis
  • Creativity, originality, and initiative
  • Leadership and social influence
  • Technology use, monitoring, and control
  • Technology design and programming
  • Resilience, stress tolerance, and flexibility
  • Reasoning, problem-solving, and ideation

Unemployment in the Philippines

  • High unemployment rate (almost double neighboring countries) despite past decade's employment growth.
  • Inadequate employment growth due to rapid population increase and higher labor force participation.
  • Active unemployment (actively seeking work) vs. inactive unemployment (not seeking work for valid reasons) are classified

Labor Force Participation

  • Percentage of working-age population employed or actively seeking employment
  • Key indicator of an economy's health
  • 4.5% in the Philippines (example number)

Minimum Wage

  • Minimum amount an employer must pay, unaffected by collective agreement or individual contract
  • Varies by region and job type in the Philippines
  • Determined by the Regional Tripartite Wages and Productivity Board (RTWPB)

Types of Unemployment

  • Frictional Unemployment: Temporary transitions in workers' lives (e.g., relocation, entering workforce)
  • Structural Unemployment: Mismatch between worker skills and job availability
  • Cyclical Unemployment: Declining demand causing insufficient job availability (recession)
  • Seasonal Unemployment: Job availability varying by season

Causes of Unemployment

  • Economic fluctuations and recessions
  • Skills mismatch
  • Slow growth in key sectors
  • High underemployment
  • Informal sector and contractualization
  • Automation and technology
  • Lack of inclusive growth
  • Political instability and corruption

State Policies Hindering Job Stability

  • ENDO (End of Contract): Employers ending contracts before the six-month probationary period, preventing benefits

  • Contractualization: Legally allowed, enabling employers to end contracts before six months, also affecting benefits

  • Advantages of temporary contracts include flexibility for the company, market responsiveness, and lower costs associated with employment benefits.

  • Disadvantages include possible lower wages, reduced worker rights, and challenges for worker quality of life improvement.

  • DOLE (Department of Labor and Employment) formulates and implements policies, supporting Filipino workers.

  • Labor Code of the Philippines (Presidential Decree No. 442): Government regulations for employment and worker welfare. Encourages protection of labor, full employment, equal opportunity, and workers' right to self-organization.

  • Solutions for improving employment: Skills development and education reform, Micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSME) support, investment encouragement (foreign and domestic), labor market reform, agriculture sector support, and strengthening employment programs.

Globalization

  • Growing interconnection of countries, economies, and cultures
  • Driving economic integration, political cooperation, and cultural exchange
  • Reshapes societies and economies, creating opportunities and challenges worldwide
  • Key terms like “global shift” refer to the world being molded by economic and technological forces into a shared economic and political forum.

Economic Globalization

  • Increasing interdependence of economies due to cross-border trade, capital flows, & technology spread

Cultural Globalization

  • Exchange of ideas, values, and cultural practices, influenced by commodities and ideas
  • Driven by efficient/appealing wireless communications, e-commerce, pop culture, and travel

Political Globalization

  • Intensification and expansion of political interrelations worldwide
  • Affecting state sovereignty, nation-state survival in a globalized world

Economic Policies

  • Liberalization: Diminishing government restrictions to enhance private business participation, competition, and free market principles.
  • Free trade: Allowing unrestricted exchange of goods and services between countries (no tariffs, quotas, or subsidies).
  • Deregulation: Lifting government control over trade and public utilities to foster greater competition.
  • Privatization: Selling state-owned assets and services to the private sector.

International Organizations

  • The UN, WTO, IMF, and World Bank interact with the Philippines, aiding development and advancing economic policies.

Migration

  • Movement of people for economic opportunity, conflict, or environmental factors.
  • Voluntary vs. involuntary migration.

Filipino Migrants

  • Temporary migrants: Move for a limited period (work, study, or tourism),
  • Undocumented migrants: Reside without legal authorization

Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs)

  • Crucial to the country's financial stability as remittances improve the quality of life and foreign exchange reserves.

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Explore the fundamentals of peace leadership, its evolution from 20th-century movements to current practices. This quiz covers the individual and societal benefits of fostering peace, as well as effective actions for promoting justice and inclusion. Test your knowledge on how peace leadership can create sustainable communities.

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