PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors in Oncology

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What is the primary function of checkpoint proteins in the immune system?

To stimulate an immune response against normal cells
To distinguish between foreign cells and normal cells (correct)
To activate T-cell proliferation and cytokine production
To promote the survival of cancer cells

What is the result of PD-1 binding with its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2?

T-cell inactivation and cytokine suppression (correct)
T-cell activation and cytokine production
Induction of apoptosis in cancer cells
Enhanced immune response against foreign cells

Which protein found on the surface of T cells binds to PD-L1 to block T-cell activity?

PD-1
CD80 (correct)
CD28
CTLA-4

What is the mechanism by which cancer cells can survive in the presence of an immune system?

By tricking the immune system into not attacking it (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of PD-1 in the adaptive immune response?

To prevent T-cell proliferation and cytokine production (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer treatment?

Restored immune response against cancer cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of PD-L1 in tumor cells?

To inhibit T cells from killing tumor cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of PD-1 inhibitors?

Preventing the binding of PD-L1 and PD-L2 to PD-1 receptors (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of interrupting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway?

The immune system recognizes and attacks tumor cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of PD-1 receptors on T cells?

To inhibit the activity of T cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of PD-L1 inhibitors in cancer treatment?

Preventing the interaction between PD-L1 and PD-1 on the surface of T cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of PD-1 inhibition on tumor cells?

Tumor cells are recognized and attacked by T cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of CD80 in the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway?

To recognize and bind to T-cell receptors (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of PD-L1 inhibition on tumor cells?

Tumor cell death and apoptosis (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of PD-L1 inhibitors?

They are small molecule inhibitors (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of CD80 in the mechanism of action of PD-L1 inhibitors?

It is a ligand that binds to PD-1 on the surface of T cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which two PD-L1 inhibitors are currently undergoing clinical testing for endometrial cancer?

Durvalumab and atezolizumab (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of blocking the PD-L1 pathway on T cell activity?

Increased T cell activity and cytotoxicity (B) Signup and view all the answers