Cancer and Immunotherapy
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Cancer and Immunotherapy

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Questions and Answers

What is the process by which a normal cell is transformed into a cancer cell called?

  • Oncogenesis
  • Hyperplasia
  • Metamorphosis
  • Carcinogenesis (correct)

    • What is the primary mechanism of action of cancer immunotherapy?

  • Disrupting the cell cycle to prevent cancer cell growth
  • Inhibiting the growth of new blood vessels that feed cancer cells
  • Damaging DNA in cancer cells to prevent them from dividing
  • Stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells (correct)

    • What type of cancer is responsible for the most deaths in the USA?

  • Lung cancer (correct)
  • Prostate cancer
  • Breast cancer
  • Colon cancer

    • What type of drug is imatinib?

    <p>Tyrosine kinase inhibitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic hallmark of cancer cells?

    <p>Ability to invade and metastasize to other tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of cetuximab?

    <p>Blocking the action of epidermal growth factor receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of gene is KRAS?

    <p>Oncogene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What step of proliferation do taxanes target?

    <p>Mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of imatinib?

    <p>Treating chronic myeloid leukemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of mutation in tumor suppressor genes induce carcinogenesis?

    <p>Loss-of-function mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common oral complication of cancer treatment?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cancer arises from connective tissue?

    <p>Sarcoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of platinum agent drugs?

    <p>Damaging DNA in cancer cells to prevent them from dividing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is a patient considered to be in remission?

    <p>When there is no evidence of cancer after treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major risk factor for head and neck cancers?

    <p>Tobacco and alcohol use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of thalidomide?

    <p>Targeting and inhibiting the growth of cancer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of pembrolizumab?

    <p>Blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cancer arises from epithelial cells?

    <p>Carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of gene is p53?

    <p>Tumor suppressor gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of mutation in oncogenes induces carcinogenesis?

    <p>Amplification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of taxanes?

    <p>Inhibiting cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of drug is methotrexate?

    <p>Antimetabolite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is cancer considered cured?

    <p>When the cancer has not recurred after 5 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cancer arises from hemopoietic cells or immune cells?

    <p>Leukemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of drug is docetaxel?

    <p>Taxane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are side effects of chemotherapy most noticeable?

    <p>In the oral mucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which cancer cells evade immune responses?

    <p>Presentation of inhibitory signals to T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of targeted therapy in cancer treatment?

    <p>Selective targeting of cancer cells while sparing normal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of tyrosine kinase inhibitors?

    <p>Inhibition of protein kinases involved in signaling pathways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern during dental management of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy or radiation therapy?

    <p>Management of oral mucositis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of immunotherapy in cancer treatment?

    <p>Enhancement of immune responses against cancer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of docetaxel?

    <p>Inhibition of microtubule dynamics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary risk factor for head and neck cancers?

    <p>Tobacco use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary side effect of thalidomide?

    <p>Birth defects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of mutation induces the uncontrolled growth of cancer cells?

    <p>Gain-of-function mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of antimetabolites?

    <p>Inhibiting DNA synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for cancer arising from connective tissue?

    <p>Sarcoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of targeted therapy in cancer treatment?

    <p>To selectively inhibit molecules involved in tumor growth and progression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of taxanes?

    <p>Inhibiting microtubule formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of cancer cells that allows them to evade immune responses?

    <p>Presentation of inhibitory signals to T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of platinum agent drugs?

    <p>Inhibition of DNA replication by forming adducts with DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of platinum agents?

    <p>Forming cross-links with DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common oral complication of cancer treatment?

    <p>Mucositis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cancer is most commonly associated with mutations in the p53 gene?

    <p>Breast cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of tyrosine kinase inhibitors?

    <p>Inhibiting protein phosphorylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of imatinib?

    <p>Inhibition of tyrosine kinase activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cancer is most commonly associated with mutations in the KRAS gene?

    <p>Colorectal cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the six basic hallmarks of cancer?

    <p>Uncontrolled proliferation, evasion of apoptosis, angiogenesis, tissue invasion, metastasis, and immune evasion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of pembrolizumab?

    <p>Inhibiting PD-1 expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main benefit of immunotherapy in cancer treatment?

    <p>Stimulation of the immune system to attack cancer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a risk factor for head and neck cancers?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of gene is p53?

    <p>Tumor suppressor gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of pembrolizumab?

    <p>Activating immune cells to target cancer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of mutation in oncogenes induce carcinogenesis?

    <p>Gain of function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cancer arises from hemopoietic cells or immune cells?

    <p>Leukemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What step of proliferation do antimetabolites and platinum agents target?

    <p>DNA replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of drug is docetaxel?

    <p>Taxane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of gene is KRAS?

    <p>Oncogene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are side effects of chemotherapy most noticeable?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cancer arises from epithelial cells?

    <p>Carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which cancer cells evade immune responses?

    <p>By presenting an inhibitory signal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of targeted therapy in cancer treatment?

    <p>To selectively target cancer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of methotrexate?

    <p>Inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of docetaxel?

    <p>Inhibiting microtubule formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of cetuximab?

    <p>Inhibiting EGFR signaling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of pembrolizumab?

    <p>Inhibiting PD-1/PD-L1 signaling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of thalidomide?

    <p>Inhibiting angiogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of tyrosine kinase inhibitors?

    <p>Inhibiting tyrosine kinase activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

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