68 Questions
What is the process by which a normal cell is transformed into a cancer cell called?
Carcinogenesis
What is the primary mechanism of action of cancer immunotherapy?
Stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells
What type of cancer is responsible for the most deaths in the USA?
Lung cancer
What type of drug is imatinib?
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor
What is a characteristic hallmark of cancer cells?
Ability to invade and metastasize to other tissues
What is the mechanism of action of cetuximab?
Blocking the action of epidermal growth factor receptors
What type of gene is KRAS?
Oncogene
What step of proliferation do taxanes target?
Mitosis
What is the primary use of imatinib?
Treating chronic myeloid leukemia
What type of mutation in tumor suppressor genes induce carcinogenesis?
Loss-of-function mutation
What is a common oral complication of cancer treatment?
All of the above
What type of cancer arises from connective tissue?
Sarcoma
What is the mechanism of action of platinum agent drugs?
Damaging DNA in cancer cells to prevent them from dividing
When is a patient considered to be in remission?
When there is no evidence of cancer after treatment
What is a major risk factor for head and neck cancers?
Tobacco and alcohol use
What is the mechanism of action of thalidomide?
Targeting and inhibiting the growth of cancer cells
What is the mechanism of action of pembrolizumab?
Blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 pathway
What type of cancer arises from epithelial cells?
Carcinoma
What type of gene is p53?
Tumor suppressor gene
What type of mutation in oncogenes induces carcinogenesis?
Amplification
What is the primary mechanism of action of taxanes?
Inhibiting cell division
What type of drug is methotrexate?
Antimetabolite
When is cancer considered cured?
When the cancer has not recurred after 5 years
What type of cancer arises from hemopoietic cells or immune cells?
Leukemia
What type of drug is docetaxel?
Taxane
Where are side effects of chemotherapy most noticeable?
In the oral mucosa
What is the primary mechanism by which cancer cells evade immune responses?
Presentation of inhibitory signals to T cells
What is the primary goal of targeted therapy in cancer treatment?
Selective targeting of cancer cells while sparing normal cells
What is the primary mechanism of action of tyrosine kinase inhibitors?
Inhibition of protein kinases involved in signaling pathways
What is the primary concern during dental management of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy or radiation therapy?
Management of oral mucositis
What is the primary benefit of immunotherapy in cancer treatment?
Enhancement of immune responses against cancer cells
What is the primary mechanism of action of docetaxel?
Inhibition of microtubule dynamics
What is the primary risk factor for head and neck cancers?
Tobacco use
What is the primary side effect of thalidomide?
Birth defects
What type of mutation induces the uncontrolled growth of cancer cells?
Gain-of-function mutation
What is the primary mechanism of action of antimetabolites?
Inhibiting DNA synthesis
What is the term for cancer arising from connective tissue?
Sarcoma
What is the main goal of targeted therapy in cancer treatment?
To selectively inhibit molecules involved in tumor growth and progression
What is the primary mechanism of action of taxanes?
Inhibiting microtubule formation
What is a characteristic of cancer cells that allows them to evade immune responses?
Presentation of inhibitory signals to T cells
What is the mechanism of action of platinum agent drugs?
Inhibition of DNA replication by forming adducts with DNA
What is the primary mechanism of action of platinum agents?
Forming cross-links with DNA
What is a common oral complication of cancer treatment?
Mucositis
What type of cancer is most commonly associated with mutations in the p53 gene?
Breast cancer
What is the primary mechanism of action of tyrosine kinase inhibitors?
Inhibiting protein phosphorylation
What is the mechanism of action of imatinib?
Inhibition of tyrosine kinase activity
What type of cancer is most commonly associated with mutations in the KRAS gene?
Colorectal cancer
What are the six basic hallmarks of cancer?
Uncontrolled proliferation, evasion of apoptosis, angiogenesis, tissue invasion, metastasis, and immune evasion
What is the primary mechanism of action of pembrolizumab?
Inhibiting PD-1 expression
What is the main benefit of immunotherapy in cancer treatment?
Stimulation of the immune system to attack cancer cells
What is a risk factor for head and neck cancers?
All of the above
What type of gene is p53?
Tumor suppressor gene
What is the mechanism of action of pembrolizumab?
Activating immune cells to target cancer cells
What type of mutation in oncogenes induce carcinogenesis?
Gain of function
What type of cancer arises from hemopoietic cells or immune cells?
Leukemia
What step of proliferation do antimetabolites and platinum agents target?
DNA replication
What type of drug is docetaxel?
Taxane
What type of gene is KRAS?
Oncogene
Where are side effects of chemotherapy most noticeable?
All of the above
What type of cancer arises from epithelial cells?
Carcinoma
What is the primary mechanism by which cancer cells evade immune responses?
By presenting an inhibitory signal
What is the primary goal of targeted therapy in cancer treatment?
To selectively target cancer cells
What is the primary mechanism of action of methotrexate?
Inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase
What is the primary mechanism of action of docetaxel?
Inhibiting microtubule formation
What is the primary mechanism of action of cetuximab?
Inhibiting EGFR signaling
What is the primary mechanism of action of pembrolizumab?
Inhibiting PD-1/PD-L1 signaling
What is the primary mechanism of action of thalidomide?
Inhibiting angiogenesis
What is the primary mechanism of action of tyrosine kinase inhibitors?
Inhibiting tyrosine kinase activity
This quiz covers various aspects of cancer, including how T cells respond to it, cancer treatment options, and different types of therapies. It also explores the medical uses of specific drugs and dental management concerns during chemo or radiation therapy.
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