Psychedelics: PCP
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Questions and Answers

Which pharmacological action of PCP primarily contributes to its analgesic effects?

  • Activation of dopamine receptors
  • Inhibition of serotonin reuptake
  • Agonism at opiate receptors (correct)
  • NMDA receptor antagonism

    • What are the primary cognitive disruptions caused by PCP?

  • Enhanced memory recall
  • Impaired learning and decision-making (correct)
  • Increased focus and concentration
  • Improved problem-solving skills

    • Which of the following effects would most likely be experienced at a moderate dose of PCP?

  • Enhanced tactile sensation with sensory overload
  • Experiencing feelings of euphoria and drowsiness (correct)
  • Intense hallucinations with vibrant colors
  • Loss of consciousness and severe agitation

    • Which descriptor best characterizes the effects of PCP compared to LSD?

    <p>More detached and psychotic-like experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential effect of high doses of PCP?

    <p>Catatonic stupor or frenetic activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One of the following is NOT a common side effect of PCP intoxication at low doses:

    <p>Severe hallucinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tolerance to PCP can develop due to its influence on which type of receptors?

    <p>Opiate receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be a long-term consequence of chronic PCP use related to cognitive function?

    <p>Persistent cognitive deficits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a common toxic effect of PCP?

    <p>Psychotic-like behavior and paranoia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of its method of administration, PCP is often encountered in which form?

    <p>Powder or crystalline form for smoking or snorting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary medical advantage of PCP when it was initially developed?

    <p>It did not depress blood pressure, heart rate, or respiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common street name for PCP?

    <p>Angel Dust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the least common route of administration for PCP?

    <p>Injected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the pharmacokinetics of PCP?

    <p>Its effects can last up to 3 days due to a long half-life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one potential behavioral effect of PCP that users may experience?

    <p>Partial or total memory loss for events during intoxication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism does PCP primarily use to exert its psychoactive effects?

    <p>Antagonist at NMDA receptors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common pharmacological treatment for agitation caused by PCP overdose?

    <p>Antipsychotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which effect is NOT associated with high-dose toxicity of PCP?

    <p>Severe anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a reported effect of PCP usage?

    <p>Significant enhancement of cognitive functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of psychological dependence on PCP?

    <p>Strong cravings for the drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one reason why human medical use of PCP was discontinued?

    <p>It caused adverse recovery reactions including hallucinations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average hospital stay duration for patients recovering from PCP toxicity?

    <p>2 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following metabolites of PCP may contribute to its prolonged effects?

    <p>Active metabolites that prolong or intensify effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant feature of tolerance related to PCP usage?

    <p>Tolerance to its effects often leads to daily use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential fetal effect associated with PCP usage during pregnancy?

    <p>Neuromuscular issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of tolerance development, how does PCP affect first-time users compared to chronic users?

    <p>Chronic users require larger doses for the same effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What neurological effect is commonly associated with high doses of PCP?

    <p>Generalized seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the withdrawal syndrome associated with PCP dependence suggest?

    <p>There is no evidence of withdrawal in humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential effect of fetal exposure to PCP during pregnancy?

    <p>Attention deficits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable long-term effect observed in animal studies of high-dose PCP exposure?

    <p>Widespread loss of brain cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately reflects the history and initial use of PCP?

    <p>PCP was first synthesized in the 1950s for use as an anesthetic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common form in which PCP is encountered in recreational use?

    <p>Powder form for snorting or smoking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following effects is least likely to be associated with low doses of PCP?

    <p>Increased heart rate and blood pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes the cognitive disruptions caused by PCP use?

    <p>Impairments primarily affecting short-term memory and decision-making.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what dosage range does PCP primarily induce psychotic-like behaviors?

    <p>High doses of 10-15 mg or more.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant feature of tolerance development in PCP users?

    <p>Regular users require higher doses to achieve the same effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common psychological effect at moderate doses of PCP?

    <p>Amnesia related to events occurring during intoxication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does PCP primarily exert its analgesic effects?

    <p>Through NMDA receptor antagonism affecting pain pathways.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable toxic effect seen in individuals using high doses of PCP?

    <p>Frenzied motor activity or catatonic stupor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of psychological dependence on PCP?

    <p>Users often seek PCP to avoid pain or discomfort from other substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What led to the restriction of PCP for human medical use?

    <p>Adverse recovery reactions were frequently reported.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following forms of PCP is the least common for recreational use?

    <p>Liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of PCP administration can lead to the most intense and rapid effects?

    <p>Intravenous injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological measure does PCP notably NOT affect during its use?

    <p>Blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which effect of PCP is primarily linked to its blockade of NMDA receptors?

    <p>Amnesia and cognitive disruption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common after-effect experienced by PCP users after intoxication?

    <p>Retrograde amnesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of tolerance development in users of PCP?

    <p>Need for higher doses to achieve the same effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which demographic is most likely to encounter recreational use of PCP?

    <p>Street drug users</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the psychoactive metabolites of PCP responsible for prolonging its effects?

    <p>Phencyclidine metabolites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms best describes the psychological state induced by PCP's effects?

    <p>Dissociation from reality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of high-dose PCP usage during pregnancy?

    <p>Neuromuscular issues in infants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the tolerance development to PCP differ between first-time and chronic users?

    <p>Chronic users may require higher doses to feel effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major respiratory effect might occur with high doses of PCP?

    <p>Respiratory depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of PCP intoxication, what is one of the most common pharmacological interventions to manage agitation?

    <p>Benzodiazepines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurological effect is associated with high doses of PCP?

    <p>Generalized seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one characteristic of psychological dependence on PCP?

    <p>Strong craving and habitual use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant acute effect of PCP at high doses?

    <p>Pulmonary edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the anti-convulsant effects of PCP in terms of dose specificity?

    <p>No tolerance develops at low doses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of PCP administration might be least recognized among users?

    <p>Injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor contributes to the psychological dependence associated with PCP?

    <p>Immediate pleasurable effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    PCP (Phencyclidine) Overview

    • Type: Synthetic drug
    • Developed in 1963, initially marketed as an analgesic and anesthetic
    • Medical use advantages: Safe and effective anesthetic, did not lower blood pressure, heart rate, or respiration.
    • Discontinued use in humans due to adverse reactions
    • Street use emerged the same year its medical use was discontinued

    PCP Forms and Routes of Administration

    • Forms: Powder, tablet, capsule, and liquid
    • Routes:
      • Oral ingestion
      • Intranasal (snorting)
      • Smoked (with cigarettes or cannabis)
      • Injection (less common)

    PCP Pharmacokinetics

    • Half-life: Up to 3 days
    • Detectable in urine for several days due to slow elimination
    • Psychoactive metabolites: Produced in the liver, prolong or intensify effects by interacting with the central nervous system (CNS)

    PCP Effects Duration

    • Typical effects: Last 4-6 hours, but some reports suggest effects lasting for days or weeks
    • Possible long-term cognitive and neurological damage

    PCP Mechanisms of Action

    • NMDA receptor antagonist: Blocks glutamate and aspartate, disrupting neural communication and leading to dissociation.
    • Increases dopamine: Indirectly increases dopamine in pleasure centers, decision-making areas, and movement centers.
    • Serotonin reuptake inhibitor: Increases serotonin levels, contributing to hallucinogenic effects
    • Opiate receptor agonist: Partial activation of opiate receptors contributes to pain relief and possible euphoria.
    • Adenosine receptor agonist: Contributes to sedation and pain perception

    PCP Effects (Low, Moderate, High Dose)

    • Low dose (5 mg): Euphoria, alcohol-like effects (slurred speech, incoordination), drowsiness, tingling/numbness.
    • Moderate dose (10 mg+): Increased heart rate and blood pressure, sweating, nausea, pupil dilation, analgesia, blurred vision, nystagmus, feelings of detachment, and a sense of detachment from surroundings or one's own body.
    • High dose (10-15 mg+): Frenzied motor activity or catatonic stupor, sudden mood changes, disorientation, confusion, delusional thoughts (often paranoid), repetitive movements, psychotic-like behavior, and the ability to withstand significant pain.

    PCP After-Effects

    • Amnesia (partial or total memory loss)
    • Retrograde amnesia: Difficulty recalling actions or surroundings during intoxication

    PCP Tolerance and Dependence

    • Development: Tolerance develops within 2-3 weeks of daily use
    • Chronic users: May need to increase dose to achieve the same effects
    • No clear evidence of withdrawal syndrome in humans
    • Psychological dependence: Strong craving and habitual use, despite harmful consequences.

    Ketamine in Depression (Study findings)

    • Occurrence: 1 in 10 Canadians experience depression during their lifetime
    • Treatment resistance: About 1/3 of those with depression do not respond to standard treatments
    • Research: Extensive research explores ketamine's impact on treatment-resistant depression (TRD).
    • Study findings: Ketamine infusions show improved everyday functioning and reduced symptoms in patients experiencing difficulties with conventional treatments.
    • Immediate effects: Significant improvement in anxiety and depression within an hour of the first dose.
    • Long-term effects: Continued improvement over weeks, including anxiety, depression and overall severity of illness.
    • Study participants: 20 males, aged 18-60. Met ICD-10 criteria for "severe depressive episode." Administered 6 doses of ketamine over 2 weeks.

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    Related Documents

    Psychedelics - PCP (Phencyclidine) Final Exam Study Guide PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the key aspects of Phencyclidine (PCP), including its development, forms, routes of administration, and pharmacokinetics. Explore the effects and potential long-term impacts of this synthetic drug on the central nervous system. Test your knowledge on PCP's history and usage in both medical and street contexts.

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