Drugs and Behavior Exam 3: PCP and Ketamine

Questions and Answers

Phencyclidine (PCP) and ketamine are both what?

Dissociative anesthetics (correct)

Hallucinogens

Stimulants

Opioids

PCP was developed in the 1950s as an what?

anesthetic

What are the street names of PCP?

'Angel dust', 'hog'

PCP is a Schedule what drug?

Schedule II Signup and view all the answers

Ketamine was developed as a safer alternative to what?

PCP Signup and view all the answers

What are the trade names under which ketamine is marketed?

Ketalar, Ketaset, Vetalar Signup and view all the answers

Ketamine is a Schedule what drug?

Schedule III Signup and view all the answers

What are the street names of ketamine?

'K', 'special K', 'cat valium' Signup and view all the answers

PCP is generally obtained in what forms?

Powdered or pill form Signup and view all the answers

What is the half-life and duration of action of PCP?

7-48 hours Signup and view all the answers

What are the routes of administration for ketamine?

Injected or taken orally Signup and view all the answers

What is the half-life of ketamine?

2.5-3 hours Signup and view all the answers

What feelings can PCP induce?

Feelings of detachment, vertigo or floating sensation, numbness, and a dreamlike state Signup and view all the answers

What is cognitive disorganization?

Difficulty in maintaining concentration or focus, deficiencies in abstract thinking, and halting speech Signup and view all the answers

What feelings are associated with cognitive disorganization?

Apathy, loneliness, negativism or hostility, or alternatively, euphoria Signup and view all the answers

What doses of ketamine yield reactions similar to those of PCP?

Low doses Signup and view all the answers

What is a 'K-hole'?

A state that can either be spiritually uplifting or terrifying Signup and view all the answers

Effects of PCP have been compared with the symptoms of what?

Schizophrenia Signup and view all the answers

PCP and ketamine are noncompetitive what at NMDA receptors?

Antagonists Signup and view all the answers

Cognitive deficits produced by PCP and ketamine are due to what?

Blockade of NMDA receptors in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus Signup and view all the answers

What are NMDA receptors associated with?

Learning and memory Signup and view all the answers

PCP and ketamine both activate what and stimulate what release in the prefrontal cortex?

Activate DA cell firing and stimulate DA release Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'fry' refer to?

Tobacco or marijuana cigarettes dipped in a liquid containing PCP and embalming fluid Signup and view all the answers

What are the negative effects of chronic use of ketamine or PCP?

Urological problems, memory deficits, and gray- and white-matter abnormalities Signup and view all the answers

What was the effect of repeated administration of high doses of ketamine in the developing brains of rats and monkeys?

Apoptotic cell death Signup and view all the answers

What are potential therapeutic uses for ketamine?

Depression and chronic pain Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Dissociative Anesthetics

PCP (Phencyclidine) and ketamine are classified as dissociative anesthetics.

PCP Overview

Developed in the 1950s as an anesthetic.
Street names include "Angel dust" and "hog."
Classified as a Schedule II drug.
Typically available in powdered or pill form.
Can be administered orally, intranasally (snorted), injected, or smoked by being applied to tobacco/marijuana.
Half-life and duration of action range from 7 to 48 hours.
Effects include feelings of detachment, vertigo, numbness, and a dreamlike state.
Cognitive disorganization leads to difficulties in concentration and communication.
Symptoms may mirror schizophrenia.

Ketamine Overview

Developed as a safer anesthetic alternative to PCP.
Currently marketed as Ketalar, Ketaset, and Vetalar.
Classified as a Schedule III drug.
Street names include "K," "special K," and "cat valium."
Routes of administration are primarily through injection or oral intake.
Shorter half-life of 2.5 to 3 hours.
Low doses produce effects similar to PCP.
Produces a state known as "K-hole," which can be uplifting or terrifying.
Potential therapeutic uses include treatment for depression and chronic pain.

Neuropharmacology

Both PCP and ketamine act as noncompetitive antagonists at NMDA receptors, affecting learning and memory.
Cognitive deficits arise from the blockade of NMDA receptors in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus.
Both substances stimulate dopamine (DA) cell firing and release in the prefrontal cortex.

Adverse Effects

Chronic use of PCP or ketamine can lead to urological issues, cognitive deficits, and brain matter abnormalities.
In animal studies, high doses of ketamine in developing brains resulted in apoptotic cell death.

Unique Forms and Uses

"Fry," "wet," and "illy" refer to marijuana or tobacco cigarettes dipped in a PCP solution, often mixed with embalming fluid.

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Description

Test your knowledge on dissociative anesthetics with this flashcard quiz covering PCP and ketamine. Learn about their history, usage, street names, and legal classification. This quiz is essential for anyone studying drugs and their behavioral effects.