Podcast
Questions and Answers
Monitor patient for infection due to ______
Monitor patient for infection due to ______
leukopenia
Common sites for metastasis include liver, brain, bone, lung, and ______
Common sites for metastasis include liver, brain, bone, lung, and ______
lymph
Modifiable risk factors for breast cancer include alcohol consumption, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, and poor diet high in ______
Modifiable risk factors for breast cancer include alcohol consumption, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, and poor diet high in ______
fat
Post mastectomy, patients should elevate their arm to avoid ______
Post mastectomy, patients should elevate their arm to avoid ______
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All men 14 years and older should do self-exams monthly in the ______
All men 14 years and older should do self-exams monthly in the ______
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Radioactive iodine treatment requires patients to ______ with at least 3-4 liters/day for 2 days.
Radioactive iodine treatment requires patients to ______ with at least 3-4 liters/day for 2 days.
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Tumor lysis syndrome causes hyperkalemia and requires insulin to IV solution to decrease ______ level.
Tumor lysis syndrome causes hyperkalemia and requires insulin to IV solution to decrease ______ level.
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Pernicious anemia requires lifelong supplementation of Vitamin ______.
Pernicious anemia requires lifelong supplementation of Vitamin ______.
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Patients with thrombocytopenia should be placed on ______ precautions.
Patients with thrombocytopenia should be placed on ______ precautions.
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Iron should be given PO with vitamin C or on an empty ______.
Iron should be given PO with vitamin C or on an empty ______.
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Study Notes
Oncology & Hematology
- Radiation: Monitor for infection due to leukopenia.
- Breast Cancer: Modifiable risk factors include alcohol, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, and poor diet. Non-modifiable risk factors include BRCA1/2 mutations, early menarche, late menopause, and family history of breast/uterine cancer. Perform monthly breast exams, preferably post-menstrual. Mammograms are helpful for early detection. Treatment depends on the stage.
- Post-Mastectomy: Elevate the affected arm, avoid heavy lifting, and do not wear constrictive clothing. Avoid BP readings from the affected arm.
- Testicular Cancer: Perform self-exams monthly in the shower. High risk men include those whose testes have not dropped into the scrotum, or those whose testes dropped after age 6. Initial warning sign is a small, hard lump.
- Multiple Myeloma: A cancer of plasma cells. Myeloma cells inhibit antibody production, increasing risk of infection.
- Radioactive Iodine: Flush with 3-4 liters of water daily for two days, and flush the toilet twice. Limit contact with others to 30 minutes daily. Avoid pregnant nurses, visitors, and children.
- Immunosuppression: Place patients in private rooms. Avoid raw fruits and vegetables to prevent infections.
- Tumor Lysis Syndrome: Tumor cells release their contents into the bloodstream. Hyperkalemia and glucose imbalances may occur, necessitating insulin to decrease potassium levels.
- Thrombocytopenia: Place patients on bleeding precautions. Avoid using hard toothbrushes, and do not insert suppositories or enemas. Decrease IM medications.
- Iron Deficiency Anemia: Iron supplements with vitamin C are given orally on an empty stomach.
- Pernicious Anemia: Vitamin B12 is required due to a lack of intrinsic factor in the stomach.Symptoms include tachycardia, pallor, and a beefy red tongue. A Schilling test can determine Vitamin B12 absorption.
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