Patient Rights and Legal Issues in Healthcare
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Questions and Answers

Which defense mechanism involves attempting to 'cancel out' a bad action or thought by doing something good?

  • Reaction Formation
  • Undoing (correct)
  • Projection
  • Rationalization
  • A person who accuses their partner of being jealous when they are actually the one feeling jealous is likely using which defense mechanism?

  • Rationalization
  • Displacement
  • Introjection
  • Projection (correct)
  • A child who adopts their parent's strict moral views is using which defense mechanism?

  • Introjection (correct)
  • Displacement
  • Compensation
  • Identification
  • Which of these is NOT a characteristic of psychoanalysis?

    <p>Focuses on the conscious mind and its impact on behavior (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A student who struggles academically but excels in sports might be using which defense mechanism?

    <p>Compensation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which defense mechanism involves turning psychological stress into physical symptoms?

    <p>Conversion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A person who refuses to accept the reality of a serious illness is likely using which defense mechanism?

    <p>Denial (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these would be considered a maladaptive defense mechanism?

    <p>Splitting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a recognized protective factor against stress?

    <p>Negative self-talk (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential consequence of chronic stress?

    <p>Increased risk of autoimmune disorders (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between acute and chronic stress?

    <p>Acute stress is short-term, while chronic stress is prolonged. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does chronic stress affect the immune system?

    <p>Chronic stress weakens the immune system. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of Trauma Informed Care?

    <p>Punishment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between eustress and distress?

    <p>Eustress is positive stress, while distress is negative stress. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common characteristic of the "fawn" response to stress?

    <p>Pleasing and giving in to the stressor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a mediator of the stress response?

    <p>Weather patterns (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key indicator of an individual's risk for aggression or violence?

    <p>History of violence or aggression (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common manifestation of anger?

    <p>Frequent smiling (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of medications are frequently used in a "cocktail" for a psychiatric crisis?

    <p>Antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, and anti-cholinergics or anti-histamines (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these situations is NOT a potential sign of a psychiatric crisis?

    <p>A patient expressing their personal beliefs strongly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor that could indicate a risk of aggressive behavior?

    <p>Client's religious beliefs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an intervention that is NOT recommended in the planning phase of therapeutic intervention for a crisis?

    <p>Ignoring the client's needs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the intervention phase of a crisis, what is NOT a recommended action to implement?

    <p>Ignoring the client's emotional outburst (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key issue in the management of aggressive or violent behavior in a psychiatric crisis?

    <p>Prevention (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a benefit or therapeutic factor of group therapy?

    <p>Individualism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of leadership style would be most conducive to a highly structured acute unit group therapy setting, where members may change daily?

    <p>Autocratic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key characteristic of the orientation phase in group therapy?

    <p>Members work towards establishing trust and understanding the goals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a maintenance role within a group?

    <p>To ensure the group stays focused and on track. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with mood regulation, sleep, and appetite?

    <p>Serotonin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a heterogeneous group?

    <p>Limited shared commonalities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of a support group?

    <p>To provide a platform for members to cope with similar challenges. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the frontal lobe?

    <p>Sensory processing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of GABA?

    <p>Stimulating excitatory impulses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key element of a healthy family system?

    <p>Open and clear communication. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the Central Nervous System?

    <p>Directly controlling muscle contractions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the parasympathetic nervous system?

    <p>Promoting relaxation and digestion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential consequence of altered levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

    <p>Increased urination (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of neurotransmitters?

    <p>Transmitting signals between neurons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is associated with both Parkinson's disease and Tourette's syndrome when present in low levels?

    <p>Dopamine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the occipital lobe?

    <p>Processing visual information (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in evaluating a crisis situation after a restraint/seclusion event?

    <p>Conduct a reassessment to identify possible triggers or stressors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered an example of loss that can lead to a grief response?

    <p>A promotion at work (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of hospice care?

    <p>Offering palliative and supportive care to individuals nearing the end of life. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can make the grief response more challenging?

    <p>Perceiving some responsibility for the loss. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical duration of acute grief?

    <p>6 to 8 weeks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT part of the documentation required after a restraint/seclusion event?

    <p>The patient's emotional state prior to the event. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of the debriefing process after a restraint/seclusion event?

    <p>To identify triggers and develop strategies for future prevention. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of maladaptive grief responses?

    <p>Inability to function normally in daily life. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Acute Stress

    A short-term stress response to a temporary stressor.

    Chronic Stress

    Long-lasting stress due to prolonged exposure to stressors.

    Effects of Chronic Stress

    Leads to diseases like diabetes, depression, and impaired immunity.

    Toxic Stress

    Prolonged stress often due to neglect, violence, or bullying.

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    Immune Response to Stress

    Stress activates immune response with increased cytokines and cortisol.

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    Risk Factors of Stress

    Conditions that increase stress susceptibility like trauma and poverty.

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    Protective Factors of Stress

    Elements that help mitigate stress, like a supportive environment.

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    Eustress vs Distress

    Eustress is positive stress; distress is negative stress.

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    Democratic Leadership

    A leadership style where the leader involves the team in decision-making and values everyone's input.

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    Laissez-faire Leadership

    A leadership style that gives the team freedom to make decisions with minimal supervision.

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    Autocratic Leadership

    A leadership style where the leader makes decisions alone without input from the team.

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    Orientation Phase

    The initial phase in group therapy where members get to know each other and establish trust.

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    Working Phase

    The phase in group therapy where members openly work through issues and provide mutual support.

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    Termination Phase

    The final phase in group therapy where members reflect on progress and say goodbye.

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    Maintenance Roles

    Roles within a group that help keep the group on track and focused on goals.

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    Therapeutic Group Factors

    Key elements in group therapy that enhance healing and connection among members.

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    Autonomic Nervous System

    Part of the nervous system handling involuntary functions; divided into sympathetic (fight or flight) and parasympathetic (rest and digest).

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    Frontal Lobe

    Brain region responsible for decision-making, problem-solving, planning, and controlling movements.

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    Neurons

    Nerve cells that send and receive messages throughout the body.

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    Neurotransmitter

    Chemical messengers stored in vesicles that transmit signals across synapses between neurons.

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    Acetylcholine

    A neurotransmitter involved in memory, learning, and muscle movement; imbalances are linked to diseases like Alzheimer’s.

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    Dopamine

    A neurotransmitter associated with pleasure, reward, and movement control; imbalances can lead to mental disorders.

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    GABA

    A neurotransmitter that inhibits excitatory impulses, promoting calmness and reducing anxiety.

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    Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

    A hormone affecting metabolism and mood; too much can cause fatigue, while too little may lead to insomnia and anxiety.

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    Denial

    Refusing to accept reality because it’s too painful.

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    Manifestations of Anger

    Physical and verbal signs indicating anger, such as clenched fists or yelling.

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    Introjection

    Adopting someone else’s beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors as your own.

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    Compensation

    Making up for a weakness by excelling in another area.

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    Crisis Situation

    A state where emotional control is limited and functioning is severely impaired.

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    Intellectualization

    Avoiding emotions by focusing only on logic and facts.

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    PRN Medication

    Medications given as needed, often used in crisis management.

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    Crisis Management Steps

    Three phases: Assessment, Planning, and Intervention to address crises.

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    Projection

    Attributing your own unwanted thoughts or feelings to someone else.

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    Risk Factors for Aggression

    Elements that can indicate potential violent behavior, like history of violence or poor coping skills.

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    Regression

    Reverting to childish behaviors when stressed.

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    Displacement

    Redirecting emotions from the real source to a safer target.

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    Prevention in Crisis

    Key focus on preventing aggressive or violent behavior before it escalates.

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    Rationalization

    Justifying bad behavior or failures with logical but false explanations.

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    Nurse's Role in Crisis

    Involves assessment, intervention planning, and implementing actions to ensure safety during a crisis.

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    Therapeutic Intervention Planning

    Selection of interventions based on assessment data to reflect urgency of the crisis.

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    Rapid implementation of intervention

    Initiating immediate measures to address a crisis effectively.

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    1:1 status

    Placing a patient under constant observation by one staff member.

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    Crisis evaluation

    Assessing stressors or triggers post-crisis for future prevention.

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    Debriefing

    Discussing an incident with a patient to clear misunderstandings.

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    Grief response

    Emotional reaction to the loss of something or someone significant.

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    Hospice care

    Palliative services for those nearing end of life, focusing on comfort.

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    Length of grieving process

    The duration of individual grief, typically acute for 6-8 weeks.

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    Maladaptive responses to loss

    Inability to cope with grief, categorized as Prolonged Grief in DSM-5TR.

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    Study Notes

    • Two groups of people guaranteed healthcare in the U.S.: Native Americans and criminals.
    • Self-determination: empowerment, autonomy, and ability to make personal choices.
    • Key values of self-determination include personal autonomy and avoidance of dependence on others; it is considered a fundamental psychological need.
    • Self-determination foundation: veracity (truthfulness), beneficence (acting in patient's best interest), autonomy (making own choices), justice (fairness), and non-maleficence (avoidance or minimization of harm).
    • Patient Self-Determination Act (1990): it requires providers to inform adult patients about their rights to accept or refuse medical treatment and protects a patient's right to self-determination in health care decision-making.
    • Advance care directives in mental health: psychiatric advance directives, living will, and durable power of attorney are for mental health patients.

    Protection of Patient Rights

    • Mental health patients' bill of rights: right to the least restrictive treatment alternative, right to informed consent, right to confidentiality, right to retain personal items, and right to refuse treatment.
    • Patient's rights are limited depending on patient safety
    • EX: A nurse might deem a patient a danger, and force them to take a medication.
    • Competency: cognitive ability to process information at a specific time; differs from rationality, not clearly defined across the states.
    • Informed consent: legal procedure guaranteeing patients understand treatment benefits/costs.
    • Competency in mental health treatment: decision-making ability often compromised in mental illness.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the rights of patients and the legal issues surrounding healthcare in the U.S. It highlights self-determination, key values such as autonomy and beneficence, and important legislation like the Patient Self-Determination Act. Test your knowledge about patient rights and advance care directives.

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