Pathophysiology: Thyroid and Parathyroid Disorders
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Questions and Answers

What is the characteristic of Hashimoto's thyroiditis?

  • Inflammation of the thyroid gland
  • Deposition of muco-polysaccharides in the dermis
  • Antibody-mediated attacks on the thyroid gland (correct)
  • Stimulation of thyroid gland by thyroid-stimulating antibodies

What is the most common symptom of Hashimoto's thyroiditis?

  • Pituitary dysfunction
  • Dermopathy
  • Enlarged neck or presence of goiter (correct)
  • Ophthalmopathy

What is myxedema?

  • A type of hyperthyroidism
  • A type of thyroid cancer
  • A dermatological change due to deposition of muco-polysaccharides in the dermis (correct)
  • A symptom of hypothyroidism

What is the treatment for hypothyroidism?

<p>Hormone replacement therapy with synthetic thyroid hormone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Graves' disease?

<p>An autoimmune disorder characterized by abnormal stimulation of the thyroid gland (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of hyperthyroidism in some cases?

<p>Taking too much of the synthetic thyroid hormone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is stimulated by stress, daylight, and low cortisol levels?

<p>Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of fat redistribution in adrenal gland disorders?

<p>Truncal obesity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of glucocorticoids in terms of glucose production?

<p>Increase glucose production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of glucocorticoids on the immune system?

<p>Inhibit the immune response (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of adrenal gland damage?

<p>Primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of glucocorticoids on the central nervous system?

<p>Stimulant action (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the thyroid gland in the body?

<p>Anterior to the trachea (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of parafollicular cells in the thyroid gland?

<p>Secretion of calcitonin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of thyrotropin releasing hormone on the anterior pituitary?

<p>Stimulates the synthesis of thyroid stimulating hormone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the active form of thyroid hormone?

<p>Triiodothyronine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the deiodination process on thyroxine?

<p>Conversion to triiodothyronine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a life-threatening condition that is a severe form of thyrotoxicosis?

<p>Thyroid Storm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom of Thyroid Storm?

<p>Severe CNS effects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of TSH levels in diagnosing thyroid disorders?

<p>To differentiate between primary and secondary thyroid disorders (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a treatment for Hyperthyroidism?

<p>Radioactive Iodine to destroy overreactive thyroid cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of ↑ T3, T4 and ↑ TSH in blood tests?

<p>Secondary hyperthyroidism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an imaging test used to diagnose thyroid disorders?

<p>Ultrasound (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely diagnosis for this woman's symptoms?

<p>Graves' disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range of Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in μU/mL?

<p>0.45 to 4.5 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected symptom of elevated thyroid hormone levels?

<p>Weight loss, increased appetite, tachycardia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely cause of this woman's tachycardia?

<p>Elevated thyroid hormone levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a positive thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) level with high titer?

<p>It indicates Graves' disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected symptom of elevated thyroid hormone levels related to the digestive system?

<p>Diarrhea (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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