Pathophysiology: Thyroid and Parathyroid Disorders

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What is the characteristic of Hashimoto's thyroiditis?

Inflammation of the thyroid gland

Deposition of muco-polysaccharides in the dermis

Antibody-mediated attacks on the thyroid gland (correct)

Stimulation of thyroid gland by thyroid-stimulating antibodies

What is the most common symptom of Hashimoto's thyroiditis?

Pituitary dysfunction

Dermopathy

Enlarged neck or presence of goiter (correct)

Ophthalmopathy

What is myxedema?

A type of hyperthyroidism

A type of thyroid cancer

A dermatological change due to deposition of muco-polysaccharides in the dermis (correct)

A symptom of hypothyroidism

What is the treatment for hypothyroidism?

Hormone replacement therapy with synthetic thyroid hormone Signup and view all the answers

What is Graves' disease?

An autoimmune disorder characterized by abnormal stimulation of the thyroid gland Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of hyperthyroidism in some cases?

Taking too much of the synthetic thyroid hormone Signup and view all the answers

What is stimulated by stress, daylight, and low cortisol levels?

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) production Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of fat redistribution in adrenal gland disorders?

Truncal obesity Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of glucocorticoids in terms of glucose production?

Increase glucose production Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of glucocorticoids on the immune system?

Inhibit the immune response Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of adrenal gland damage?

Primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of glucocorticoids on the central nervous system?

Stimulant action Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the thyroid gland in the body?

Anterior to the trachea Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of parafollicular cells in the thyroid gland?

Secretion of calcitonin Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of thyrotropin releasing hormone on the anterior pituitary?

Stimulates the synthesis of thyroid stimulating hormone Signup and view all the answers

What is the active form of thyroid hormone?

Triiodothyronine Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the deiodination process on thyroxine?

Conversion to triiodothyronine Signup and view all the answers

What is a life-threatening condition that is a severe form of thyrotoxicosis?

Thyroid Storm Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom of Thyroid Storm?

Severe CNS effects Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of TSH levels in diagnosing thyroid disorders?

To differentiate between primary and secondary thyroid disorders Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a treatment for Hyperthyroidism?

Radioactive Iodine to destroy overreactive thyroid cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of ↑ T3, T4 and ↑ TSH in blood tests?

Secondary hyperthyroidism Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an imaging test used to diagnose thyroid disorders?

Ultrasound Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely diagnosis for this woman's symptoms?

Graves' disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range of Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in μU/mL?

0.45 to 4.5 Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected symptom of elevated thyroid hormone levels?

Weight loss, increased appetite, tachycardia Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely cause of this woman's tachycardia?

Elevated thyroid hormone levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a positive thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) level with high titer?

It indicates Graves' disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected symptom of elevated thyroid hormone levels related to the digestive system?

Diarrhea Signup and view all the answers