10 Questions
What should a study describe in enough detail to allow the experiment to be replicated?
The intervention being studied
Why is it important to standardize postoperative care in a surgical study?
To ensure consistency in the surgical procedure
What can occur when an investigator expects a different result in the intervention group?
Investigator bias
Why should a study clearly define the primary and secondary outcomes of interest?
To allow readers to determine whether the study was able to prove or disprove the null hypothesis
What can measurement error lead to?
An increase in the variability of the outcome of interest
Why should a study standardize the measurement of the outcome of interest?
To reduce measurement error
What should a study try to mask to decrease the risk of investigator bias?
The observer to the intervention
Why is it important for a study to clearly state the expected change for the outcomes of interest?
To allow readers to determine whether the study was able to prove or disprove the null hypothesis
What should a study describe for the primary outcome of interest?
All of the above
Why is it important for a study to have a training session before the start of the study?
To standardize the surgical procedure
Study Notes
Endocrinology
- Thyroid function tests: physiological aspects, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, thyroiditis, and thyroid tumors
- Disorders of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis: pituitary adenomas, pituitary apoplexy, and multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes
Hypertension
- Highlights of hypertension: classification, diagnosis, etiology, pathogenesis, evaluation, treatment, and special considerations
- Classification of blood pressure: diagnosis of hypertension
- Etiology and pathogenesis of hypertension: lifestyle modifications, pharmacologic treatment, and future treatments
- Evaluation of patients with hypertension: treatment options and considerations
- Special considerations: ischemic heart disease, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, chronic renal disease, cerebrovascular disease, obesity, and metabolic syndrome
Faculty and Staff
- American Academy of Ophthalmology staff: Dale E. Fajardo, EdD, MBA, Beth Wilson, Denise Evenson, Ann McGuire, Stephanie Tanaka, Susan Malloy, Jasmine Chen, Lana Ip, Beth Collins, Eric Gerdes, Lynda Hanwella, and Debra Marchi
Research and Study Design
- Importance of research in improving clinical practice: using research to improve patient outcomes
- Key aspects of study design: intervention description, perioperative management, and outcome measurement
- Intervention description: sufficient detail to allow replication of the experiment
- Perioperative management: standardization of procedures to minimize differences and bias
- Outcome measurement: clear definition, reliability, and variability consideration
Infections and Immune-Related Disorders
- Rheumatic disorders: rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and sarcoidosis
- Infectious diseases: cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, influenza, hepatitis, human papillomavirus, Ebola virus, Zika virus, and human immunodeficiency virus
- Update on antibiotics: antibacterial agents, antifungal agents, antiviral agents, and future directions
This quiz covers tests of thyroid function, thyroid disorders, and disorders of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Topics include hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, thyroiditis, thyroid tumors, and pituitary adenomas.
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