Pathophysiology of Synaptic Transmission
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Questions and Answers

What is the location where myelin is produced in the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

  • Neurons
  • Oligodendrocytes (correct)
  • Axons
  • Dendrites

    • What is the primary function of the myelin sheath in the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

  • To increase the speed of impulse conduction along the axon (correct)
  • To slow down the conduction of action potentials
  • To decrease the velocity of propagation of action potentials
  • To increase the diameter of axons

    • What is the name given to the small gaps in the myelin sheath where myelin is absent?

  • Axonal junctions
  • Neuronal synapses
  • Myelin gaps
  • Nodes of Ranvier (correct)

    • What is the relationship between axonal diameter and the velocity of propagation of action potentials?

    <p>The thicker the axon, the faster the conduction velocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the distribution of voltage-sensitive Na+ and K+ channels in unmyelinated nerve fibers?

    <p>They are distributed uniformly along the axon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In myelinated nerve fibers, where are voltage-sensitive Na+ channels clustered in high density?

    <p>At the nodes of Ranvier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the propagation of action potentials in unmyelinated nerve fibers?

    <p>It occurs in a continuous manner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the myelin sheath on the conduction velocity of nerve impulses?

    <p>It increases the conduction velocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the axon hillock in a neuron?

    <p>Initiates action potential and transmits it to the axon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of anterograde axonal transport?

    <p>From the soma down the axon toward the presynaptic terminal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the dendrites in a neuron?

    <p>Receive information from other cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of retrograde axonal transport?

    <p>To move substances from the synapse back to the soma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the soma in a neuron?

    <p>Synthesizes proteins used as neurotransmitters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the myelin sheath produced in the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?

    <p>By Schwann cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the axon in a neuron?

    <p>Sends information to other neurons or muscle cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the length range of axons?

    <p>Less than 1 mm to up to 1 meter in length</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary location of K+ channels in myelinated axons?

    <p>In the internodal area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the conduction of action potential in myelinated axons?

    <p>Saltatory conduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of axodendritic synapses in the nervous system?

    <p>80-95%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of axoaxonic synapses?

    <p>Modulate transmitter release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the transmission of information between neurons?

    <p>Synaptic transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of synapse is common in invertebrates?

    <p>Electrical synapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the region where the axon terminal of one neuron meets the dendrite of another neuron?

    <p>Synaptic junction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the point of functional contact between axons and skeletal muscle?

    <p>Neuromuscular junction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of transmission at an electrical synapse?

    <p>Flow of ions through gap junctions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of synaptic vesicles?

    <p>To store and release neurotransmitters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft?

    <p>The influx of Ca2+ ions through voltage-gated channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the post-synaptic neuron in chemical transmission?

    <p>To bind neurotransmitters to receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of transmission at a chemical synapse?

    <p>Unidirectional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the space between two neurons that serves as the site for intraneuronal communication?

    <p>Synaptic cleft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which neurotransmitters are released from the presynaptic terminal?

    <p>Exocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of the synapse that receives the signal?

    <p>Post-synaptic neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of conformational changes in agent-specific postsynaptic receptors in the narrow synaptic cleft?

    <p>Opening or closing of ion channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which myasthenia gravis affects neurotransmission at the neuromuscular junction?

    <p>Antibodies attack the acetylcholine receptor in the postjunctional folds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic pattern of muscle weakness and fatigability in myasthenia gravis?

    <p>Variable in severity and progressive throughout the day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in myasthenia gravis?

    <p>Increasing the efficacy of acetylcholine in the neuromuscular cleft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between myasthenia gravis and Lambert-Eaton syndrome?

    <p>_site of action of the autoimmune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of repetitive stimulation on muscle action potentials in myasthenia gravis?

    <p>Progressive decrease in muscle action potentials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of the postjunctional folds in myasthenia gravis?

    <p>Decreased localization of acetylcholine receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of the autoimmune response in Lambert-Eaton syndrome?

    <p>Reducing the release of acetylcholine from the nerve terminal</p> Signup and view all the answers

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