23 Questions
What is an example of a condition where inspired oxygen is too low?
High altitude
Which of the following is an example of a diffusion barrier abnormality?
Cystic fibrosis
What type of ischaemia occurs when there is a reduction in blood flow to a specific area of the body?
Local ischaemia
What is the term for a condition where there is insufficient oxygen in the blood?
Hypoxaemia
What is interference with oxidative phosphorylation an example of?
Cyanide poisoning
What occurs when necrotic tissue is not removed and calcium salts are deposited?
Dystrophic calcification
What is the process by which necrotic tissue is replaced by fibrous tissue?
Organization
What is the term for the process of removing small amounts of necrotic tissue by leukocytes?
Resolution
What type of infarct occurs due to venous occlusion?
Red infarct
What is the outcome when necrotic tissue is liquefied and surrounded by fibrosis?
Cyst formation
What type of infarct is common due to the usual arrangement in an organ?
White infarct
What is a characteristic of free radicals?
Highly reactive and unstable
What is a consequence of severe hypoxia?
Massive intra-cytoplasmic calcium accumulation
Which of the following is a principle structural target for cell damage?
Mitochondria
What is a result of anaerobic metabolism in hypoxic cells?
Increased lactic acid and phosphate production
Which of the following is a type of cell injury that can lead to cell death?
All of the above
What is a morphological change associated with cell injury?
Cell swelling
What is a consequence of free radical-mediated cell injury?
Membrane lipid peroxidation
Which of the following is an anti-oxidant that can neutralize free radicals?
Vitamin E
What is a type of necrosis that typically occurs due to hypoxia in most tissues except the brain?
Coagulative necrosis
What is a morphologic change that can occur in the nucleus during necrosis?
Karyolysis
What is an enzyme that can neutralize free radicals?
Catalase
What is a type of necrosis that is characterized by the softening of tissue?
Liquefactive necrosis
Test your understanding of Ischaemia and Hypoxaemia, including local and systemic effects, causes and examples. Learn about the different types of Hypoxaemia and how they occur. Evaluate your knowledge of oxygen diffusion and transport in the body.
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