Pathophysiology of Ischaemia and Hypoxaemia
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Questions and Answers

What is an example of a condition where inspired oxygen is too low?

  • High altitude (correct)
  • Carbon monoxide poisoning
  • Pneumonia
  • Anaemia

Which of the following is an example of a diffusion barrier abnormality?

  • Carbon monoxide poisoning
  • Pneumonia
  • Cystic fibrosis (correct)
  • Anaemia

What type of ischaemia occurs when there is a reduction in blood flow to a specific area of the body?

  • Systemic ischaemia
  • Diffusion barrier abnormality
  • Local ischaemia (correct)
  • Hypoxaemia

What is the term for a condition where there is insufficient oxygen in the blood?

<p>Hypoxaemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is interference with oxidative phosphorylation an example of?

<p>Cyanide poisoning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when necrotic tissue is not removed and calcium salts are deposited?

<p>Dystrophic calcification (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which necrotic tissue is replaced by fibrous tissue?

<p>Organization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of removing small amounts of necrotic tissue by leukocytes?

<p>Resolution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of infarct occurs due to venous occlusion?

<p>Red infarct (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome when necrotic tissue is liquefied and surrounded by fibrosis?

<p>Cyst formation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of infarct is common due to the usual arrangement in an organ?

<p>White infarct (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of free radicals?

<p>Highly reactive and unstable (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of severe hypoxia?

<p>Massive intra-cytoplasmic calcium accumulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a principle structural target for cell damage?

<p>Mitochondria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a result of anaerobic metabolism in hypoxic cells?

<p>Increased lactic acid and phosphate production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of cell injury that can lead to cell death?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a morphological change associated with cell injury?

<p>Cell swelling (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of free radical-mediated cell injury?

<p>Membrane lipid peroxidation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an anti-oxidant that can neutralize free radicals?

<p>Vitamin E (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a type of necrosis that typically occurs due to hypoxia in most tissues except the brain?

<p>Coagulative necrosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a morphologic change that can occur in the nucleus during necrosis?

<p>Karyolysis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an enzyme that can neutralize free radicals?

<p>Catalase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a type of necrosis that is characterized by the softening of tissue?

<p>Liquefactive necrosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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