Pathophysiology of Ischaemia and Hypoxaemia
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Questions and Answers

What is an example of a condition where inspired oxygen is too low?

  • High altitude (correct)
  • Carbon monoxide poisoning
  • Pneumonia
  • Anaemia

    • Which of the following is an example of a diffusion barrier abnormality?

  • Carbon monoxide poisoning
  • Pneumonia
  • Cystic fibrosis (correct)
  • Anaemia

    • What type of ischaemia occurs when there is a reduction in blood flow to a specific area of the body?

  • Systemic ischaemia
  • Diffusion barrier abnormality
  • Local ischaemia (correct)
  • Hypoxaemia

    • What is the term for a condition where there is insufficient oxygen in the blood?

    <p>Hypoxaemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is interference with oxidative phosphorylation an example of?

    <p>Cyanide poisoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when necrotic tissue is not removed and calcium salts are deposited?

    <p>Dystrophic calcification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which necrotic tissue is replaced by fibrous tissue?

    <p>Organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of removing small amounts of necrotic tissue by leukocytes?

    <p>Resolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of infarct occurs due to venous occlusion?

    <p>Red infarct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome when necrotic tissue is liquefied and surrounded by fibrosis?

    <p>Cyst formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of infarct is common due to the usual arrangement in an organ?

    <p>White infarct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of free radicals?

    <p>Highly reactive and unstable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of severe hypoxia?

    <p>Massive intra-cytoplasmic calcium accumulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a principle structural target for cell damage?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a result of anaerobic metabolism in hypoxic cells?

    <p>Increased lactic acid and phosphate production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a type of cell injury that can lead to cell death?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a morphological change associated with cell injury?

    <p>Cell swelling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of free radical-mediated cell injury?

    <p>Membrane lipid peroxidation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an anti-oxidant that can neutralize free radicals?

    <p>Vitamin E</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a type of necrosis that typically occurs due to hypoxia in most tissues except the brain?

    <p>Coagulative necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a morphologic change that can occur in the nucleus during necrosis?

    <p>Karyolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an enzyme that can neutralize free radicals?

    <p>Catalase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a type of necrosis that is characterized by the softening of tissue?

    <p>Liquefactive necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

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