Pathophysiology of Gallbladder, Biliary Tree, and Pancreas Diseases
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary constituent in bile responsible for predisposing to gallstone formation?

  • Phospholipids
  • Bile salts
  • Lecithin
  • Cholesterol (correct)

    • What is the most common type of gallstone?

  • Pigment, resulting from bilirubin precipitation
  • Pure cholesterol, usually calcified
  • Black pigment, more common in women and Asian individuals
  • Mixed, predominantly cholesterol (correct)

    • What is the term for pain arising from the gallbladder without established inflammation or infection?

  • Biliary colic (correct)
  • Emphysematous cholecystitis
  • Porcelain gallbladder
  • Acute calculous cholecystitis

    • What percentage of acute calculous cholecystitis cases report a previous attack of biliary pain?

    <p>70% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition involves infection of the gallbladder wall with gas-forming bacteria, usually anaerobes?

    <p>Emphysematous cholecystitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prognosis for gallbladder cancer in untreated patients?

    <p>5-year survival rates of less than 5% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cancer accounts for only 2%–3% of malignancies and is divided into intrahepatic or extrahepatic types?

    <p>Bile duct cancer (cholangiocarcinoma) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cholangiocarcinoma arises in the perihilar region and has a reported 5-year survival of 10%–20%?

    <p>Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factors are associated with increased incidence of gallbladder cancer?

    <p>Liver flukes and chronic Salmonella typhi infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for pain arising from inflammation of the gallbladder wall?

    <p>Acute calculous cholecystitis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the general population is found to have cholelithiasis?

    <p>12% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group has a higher risk of developing cholelithiasis?

    <p>Women compared to men (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medical condition is NOT listed as a predisposing factor for cholelithiasis?

    <p>Hypertension (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ethnic group is mentioned as having a predisposition to cholelithiasis?

    <p>Scandinavians (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is described as most critical to stone formation in cholelithiasis?

    <p>Cholesterol supersaturation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the general population with cholelithiasis are symptomatic?

    <p>80% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group has the highest percentage of adults with cholelithiasis?

    <p>&gt;50 years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medical condition is NOT listed as a predisposing factor for cholelithiasis?

    <p>Hypertension (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate overall mortality for acute pancreatitis (AP)?

    <p>10-15% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a known etiology of gallstone pancreatitis?

    <p>Cardiopulmonary bypass (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining characteristic of pancreatic pseudocysts?

    <p>They have a discrete epithelial lining. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what percentage of patients who suffer an attack of acute pancreatitis do pseudocysts develop as a complication?

    <p>10% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of pancreatic necrosis?

    <p>Associated with peripancreatic fat necrosis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can result from inflammation and disruption of the pancreatic duct?

    <p>Fluid tracking into the left pleural cavity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of chronic pancreatitis?

    <p>Marked by the gradual destruction of pancreatic exocrine and endocrine tissues. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the most common malignant pancreatic neoplasms?

    <p>Ductal adenocarcinomas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some common risk factors for malignant pancreatic cancers?

    <p>Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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