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Questions and Answers
What is the initial intervention for a mild hypoglycemic event?
What is the initial intervention for a mild hypoglycemic event?
How is tuberculosis primarily transmitted?
How is tuberculosis primarily transmitted?
Which assessment finding is specifically indicative of pneumothorax?
Which assessment finding is specifically indicative of pneumothorax?
What can uncontrolled hypertension potentially lead to?
What can uncontrolled hypertension potentially lead to?
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How does stable angina differ from unstable angina?
How does stable angina differ from unstable angina?
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Which symptom is characteristic of a gastric ulcer?
Which symptom is characteristic of a gastric ulcer?
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What dietary recommendation is appropriate for a patient with type 2 diabetes?
What dietary recommendation is appropriate for a patient with type 2 diabetes?
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What is the term for the inability to recognize familiar people or objects?
What is the term for the inability to recognize familiar people or objects?
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Which type of neurofibrillary abnormality is most commonly found in Alzheimer's disease?
Which type of neurofibrillary abnormality is most commonly found in Alzheimer's disease?
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In Parkinson's disease, which neurotransmitter is primarily deficient?
In Parkinson's disease, which neurotransmitter is primarily deficient?
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What symptom is indicative of autonomic disturbances in Parkinson's disease?
What symptom is indicative of autonomic disturbances in Parkinson's disease?
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What type of renal failure is caused by decreased blood supply to the kidneys?
What type of renal failure is caused by decreased blood supply to the kidneys?
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Which condition leads to kidney dysfunction due to urinary outflow obstruction?
Which condition leads to kidney dysfunction due to urinary outflow obstruction?
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What is a common cause of intrinsic renal failure?
What is a common cause of intrinsic renal failure?
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What is the likely neurological cause of confusion, stupor, and coma in chronic kidney disease?
What is the likely neurological cause of confusion, stupor, and coma in chronic kidney disease?
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What is the priority nursing intervention for a client diagnosed with right-sided heart failure who presents with bilateral bulging blue neck veins?
What is the priority nursing intervention for a client diagnosed with right-sided heart failure who presents with bilateral bulging blue neck veins?
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What is a consequence of the forward effect in left-sided heart failure?
What is a consequence of the forward effect in left-sided heart failure?
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Which diagnostic test is most appropriate for confirming an ischemic stroke?
Which diagnostic test is most appropriate for confirming an ischemic stroke?
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Which modifiable factor contributes to the development of osteoporosis?
Which modifiable factor contributes to the development of osteoporosis?
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What characteristic feature distinguishes rheumatoid arthritis from other forms of arthritis?
What characteristic feature distinguishes rheumatoid arthritis from other forms of arthritis?
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In the management of a hypoglycemic event for a patient with type 1 diabetes, what is the initial intervention?
In the management of a hypoglycemic event for a patient with type 1 diabetes, what is the initial intervention?
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What physical characteristic is associated with 'pink puffers' in emphysema?
What physical characteristic is associated with 'pink puffers' in emphysema?
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What is a common sign indicative of right-sided heart failure?
What is a common sign indicative of right-sided heart failure?
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What physiological mechanism is triggered due to the decreased blood flow caused by left-sided heart failure?
What physiological mechanism is triggered due to the decreased blood flow caused by left-sided heart failure?
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Which of the following is a common manifestation in 'blue bloaters' suffering from chronic bronchitis?
Which of the following is a common manifestation in 'blue bloaters' suffering from chronic bronchitis?
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For a patient diagnosed with diverticulitis, what diet is generally recommended?
For a patient diagnosed with diverticulitis, what diet is generally recommended?
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To evaluate for appendicitis, where should the nurse palpate for tenderness?
To evaluate for appendicitis, where should the nurse palpate for tenderness?
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What is a key finding in the urine output of a patient experiencing acute kidney injury?
What is a key finding in the urine output of a patient experiencing acute kidney injury?
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Which neurological condition is characterized by autoimmune demyelination in the central nervous system?
Which neurological condition is characterized by autoimmune demyelination in the central nervous system?
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What is most indicative of a diagnosis of acute kidney injury?
What is most indicative of a diagnosis of acute kidney injury?
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What is a common initial symptom indicating the need to suspect multiple sclerosis?
What is a common initial symptom indicating the need to suspect multiple sclerosis?
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What is the impact of elevated nitrogenous wastes in chronic kidney disease?
What is the impact of elevated nitrogenous wastes in chronic kidney disease?
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What does a decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) indicate?
What does a decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) indicate?
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Which type of diabetes is characterized by autoimmune destruction of beta cells?
Which type of diabetes is characterized by autoimmune destruction of beta cells?
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Which blood test is most useful for monitoring long-term blood sugar levels in diabetic patients?
Which blood test is most useful for monitoring long-term blood sugar levels in diabetic patients?
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In a patient with hypothyroidism, what blood test results are typically observed?
In a patient with hypothyroidism, what blood test results are typically observed?
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What blood test results are expected in hyperthyroidism?
What blood test results are expected in hyperthyroidism?
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Which of the following is considered a nonmodifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease?
Which of the following is considered a nonmodifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease?
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What lifestyle factor contributes to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease?
What lifestyle factor contributes to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease?
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In Guillain-Barre Syndrome, how does the muscle weakness typically progress?
In Guillain-Barre Syndrome, how does the muscle weakness typically progress?
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What autonomic disturbance is commonly associated with Guillain-Barre Syndrome?
What autonomic disturbance is commonly associated with Guillain-Barre Syndrome?
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What is the normal range for calcium levels in the blood?
What is the normal range for calcium levels in the blood?
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Which blood test result is expected in a patient with hypothyroidism?
Which blood test result is expected in a patient with hypothyroidism?
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What blood test result indicates hyperthyroidism?
What blood test result indicates hyperthyroidism?
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Which type of diabetes is characterized by a lack of insulin production?
Which type of diabetes is characterized by a lack of insulin production?
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Study Notes
Patho Final Practice Exam
- Right-sided heart failure: Bilateral bulging blue neck veins indicate jugular venous distension (JVD). Priority nursing intervention is assessing for peripheral edema to determine its severity.
- Left-sided heart failure forward effect: Weakened left ventricle leads to inadequate ejection of blood into the aorta, causing increased perfusion to vital organs.
- Ischemic stroke diagnostic test: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the preferred diagnostic test to detect ischemic strokes.
- Osteoporosis modifiable factor: Sedentary lifestyle, lack of weight-bearing exercise, is a modifiable risk factor.
- Rheumatoid arthritis vs. other arthritis: Symmetric joint involvement is the distinguishing characteristic.
- Hypoglycemic event initial intervention: Providing oral glucose tablets is the initial intervention.
- Tuberculosis transmission: Inhalation of airborne droplets containing Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the primary transmission method.
- Pneumothorax assessment finding: Hyperresonance to percussion is indicative of a pneumothorax.
- Uncontrolled hypertension consequence: Renal failure is a possible consequence.
- Stable vs. unstable angina: Stable angina is relieved by rest, while unstable angina is not.
Additional Topics
- Diabetes type 2 recommended diet: A high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet is recommended.
- Emphysema pink puffers characteristic: Barrel-shaped chest due to hyperinflation and overdistended alveoli.
- Chronic bronchitis blue bloaters feature: Peripheral edema is a common feature
- Diverticulitis dietary advice: A high-fiber diet is recommended to promote regular bowel movements.
- Appendicitis tenderness palpation area: Right lower quadrant at McBurney's point is the area to assess for tenderness.
- Acute kidney injury characteristic urine finding: Anuria (absence of urine output) is a characteristic finding.
- Recurrent visual disturbances, difficulty walking, muscle weakness with lesions on brain MRI: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is the likely diagnosis, and autoimmune demyelination in the central nervous system underlies the symptoms.
- Peptic ulcer disease major cause: Helicobacter pylori infection is a major cause.
- Bacterial meningitis signs: Positive Brudzinski and Kernig signs.
- Crohn's disease characteristic: Skip lesions, involving patches of inflammation with areas of normal tissue in between.
- Right-sided heart failure symptoms: Jugular venous distension (JVD), peripheral edema, hepatomegaly
- Left-sided heart failure symptoms: Dyspnea, pink frothy sputum, and orthopnea.
- Cerebrovascular accident (stroke) symptoms: Sudden slurred speech, facial droop, and weakness on one side of the body requiring immediate activation of the stroke response.
- Myasthenia Gravis ocular manifestation: Diplopia (double vision).
- Myasthenic crisis precipitating factor: Infections are common triggers.
- Severe Myasthenia Gravis association: Hyperthyroidism
- Spinal Cord injury, high in spinal column priority intervention: Assess airway, breathing, and circulation (ABCs).
- Spinal cord injury, descending tracts damage significance: Motor deficits.
- Meningitis classic signs: Fever, nuchal rigidity, and headache
- Common type of meningitis: Viral
- Gout diagnosis: Elevated uric acid levels are a diagnostic indication.
- Hypothyroidism blood test result: High TSH, low T3, low T4
- Hyperthyroidism blood test result: Low TSH, high T3, high T4
- Potassium level normal range: 3.5 - 5.3 mmol/L
- Type 1 diabetes: Lack of insulin production
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Description
Test your knowledge on key concepts in pathophysiology, including heart failure, stroke diagnostics, and chronic conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis. This quiz covers vital nursing interventions and disease mechanisms essential for nursing practice.
