Pathophysiology Year 3 Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a potential consequence of untreated pre-eclampsia?

  • Hypoglycemia
  • Fetal development issues
  • Chronic hypertension
  • Postpartum hemorrhage (correct)

    • What is the primary goal when managing a patient experiencing seizures due to eclampsia?

  • Prevent placental abruption
  • Control blood pressure
  • Stop seizures and deliver the baby (correct)
  • Administer high-dose aspirin

    • What is the recommended daily dosage of aspirin for prophylaxis in women at risk of pre-eclampsia?

  • 100-200 mg
  • 400-500 mg
  • 250-300 mg
  • 60-150 mg (correct)

    • Which treatment acts as a non-specific muscle relaxant to prevent seizures in patients with eclampsia?

    <p>Magnesium sulfate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common recommendation for bed rest in pregnant women at risk for complications, despite limited evidence?

    <p>Reducing the risk of organ damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does tissue factor (TF) play in the coagulation cascade?

    <p>Responsible for thrombin activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mediators are involved in the inflammatory response that enhances TF secretion?

    <p>IL1, IL6, IL8, and adhesion molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does TNF-alpha have on the plasminogen system?

    <p>Limits plasmin due to PAI production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of elevated maternal glucose levels during pregnancy related to GDM?

    <p>Increased insulin secretion from the fetal pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be the result of microvascular clots in organs during increased inflammation?

    <p>Organ ischemia or necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the potential consequences of decreased ATP production in the body?

    <p>Poor perfusion leading to acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT typically associated with neurogenic shock?

    <p>Tachycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During metabolic acidosis, why does lactate production increase?

    <p>Because protons originate from hydrolysis during glycolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does lipolysis play when glucose availability decreases?

    <p>Mobilizes free fatty acids and triglycerides for energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following treatments is NOT used to address shock?

    <p>Immediate surgical intervention for all types of shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to blood pH during an increase in lactate levels?

    <p>It decreases and causes decreased oxygen affinity of hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is rapid intervention critical in the treatment of shock?

    <p>Delays can lead to irreversible organ failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does using proteins for energy source have during shock conditions?

    <p>Leads to increased urea and toxic ammonia levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of placental corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) during pregnancy?

    <p>Facilitate fetal lung maturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what week of gestation can the fundus of the uterus typically be palpated above the pelvic bone?

    <p>12 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is primarily responsible for maintaining pregnancy and supporting the uterine lining?

    <p>Progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What change occurs to the heart's position during pregnancy due to the enlarging uterus?

    <p>It is laterally displaced to the left</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected outcome of excessive weight gain during pregnancy?

    <p>Increased risk of gestational diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does estrogen affect the uterus during pregnancy?

    <p>Promotes enlargement of the uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone signals the fetal lungs to begin producing surfactant?

    <p>Cortisol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common method for calculating the expected date of confinement (EDC)?

    <p>Using Naegele’s Rule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical presentation position of an ideal fetus for vaginal delivery?

    <p>Occiput anterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Montgomery’s tubercles represent during pregnancy?

    <p>Enlarged sebaceous glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the volume increase of the uterus throughout pregnancy?

    <p>From 10mL to 20L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which placental hormone rises significantly during the third trimester, especially before labor?

    <p>Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of relaxin hormone during pregnancy?

    <p>Relaxes pelvic ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Metformin in treating PCOS?

    <p>To regulate hormonal levels and reduce steroidogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What risks do pregnant women with PCOS face?

    <p>Higher incidence of GDM and preterm birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential sequelae of having PCOS later in life?

    <p>Dyslipidemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fibroid grows within the muscle wall of the uterus?

    <p>Intramural fibroid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is intrauterine insemination (IUI) primarily designed to do?

    <p>Instill semen directly into the uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines septic shock in the context of sepsis?

    <p>Profound circulatory, cellular, and metabolic abnormalities leading to high mortality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group is most susceptible to sepsis?

    <p>Infants and the elderly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes organ dysfunction in severe sepsis according to the definition proposed in Sepsis-3?

    <p>Increase in SOFA score by 1 or more</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the development of a subserosal fibroid?

    <p>Developing on the surface of the uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for the diagnosis of septic shock clinically?

    <p>Elevated serum lactate levels and need for vasopressors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is menarche?

    <p>The first menstrual cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is primarily responsible for ovulation?

    <p>Luteinizing Hormone (LH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of relaxin during the menstrual cycle?

    <p>Relaxing uterine smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the menstrual cycle does the endometrium thicken in preparation for a potential pregnancy?

    <p>Post-ovulatory phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is polyhydramnios?

    <p>Excessive amniotic fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines macrosomia during fetal development?

    <p>Fetal head size larger than can be passed vaginally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the GTPAL acronym stand for in obstetric history?

    <p>Gravida, Term, Preterm, Abortions, Living</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone primarily contributes to the development of secondary female sexual characteristics?

    <p>Estrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the menstrual cycle is there a surge of FSH and LH?

    <p>Ovulation phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does parity refer to in obstetrics?

    <p>Total number of deliveries over 20 weeks gestation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of inhibin in the female reproductive system?

    <p>To provide feedback for FSH and LH release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure is responsible for the secretion of progesterone after ovulation?

    <p>Corpus luteum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the endometrium do during menstruation?

    <p>Sheds if no fertilization occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the myometrium during pregnancy?

    <p>To induce uterine contractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Patho year 3

    • Integrated pathophysiology for nurses (McMaster University)
    • Study material available on Studocu

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    Description

    Test your understanding of integrated pathophysiology tailored for nurses, based on McMaster University's curriculum. This quiz covers essential concepts and applications, ideal for third-year nursing students preparing for exams.

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