Pathophysiology Basics Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of pathophysiology?

  • Studying the causes of individual diseases
  • Identifying clinical symptoms only
  • Analyzing genetic predispositions in diseases
  • Examining physiological changes due to disease (correct)

Which of the following terms describes a disease with an unknown cause?

  • Iatrogenic
  • Idiopathic (correct)
  • Multifactorial
  • Acquired

Which type of morphologic change can be observed without a microscope?

  • Microscopic changes
  • Physiological changes
  • Gross morphologic changes (correct)
  • Submicroscopic changes

Which mechanism refers to how a causative agent leads to pathological responses?

<p>Pathogenesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of cell injury?

<p>Supraphysiological stress (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates symptoms from signs in clinical assessment?

<p>Symptoms are sensations experienced by the patient, while signs are observable manifestations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do cells respond to physiologic stresses or pathologic stimuli to maintain homeostasis?

<p>By achieving adaptation to a new steady state (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes a disease that arises from medical treatment errors?

<p>Iatrogenic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of gangrenous necrosis?

<p>Severe hypoxic injury due to blockage of major arteries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which form of gangrene is characterized by the skin becoming dry and changing color to dark brown or black?

<p>Dry gangrene (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes wet gangrene from dry gangrene?

<p>The invasion of neutrophils and liquefactive necrosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of gas gangrene if left untreated?

<p>Shock leading to death (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the foul odor associated with wet gangrene?

<p>Bacterial action producing pus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of atrophy in cells?

<p>Decrease in cell size (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a classification of pathologic atrophy?

<p>Physiologic atrophy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of atrophy occurs due to a lack of hormonal stimulation during menopause?

<p>Endocrine atrophy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is hypertrophy characterized by?

<p>Increase in the size of cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is an example of physiologic hypertrophy?

<p>Muscle growth from weightlifting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What leads to compensatory hypertrophy of the kidney?

<p>Removal of one kidney (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of atrophy occurs in the muscles of paralyzed limbs?

<p>Disuse atrophy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Prolonged cardiac hypertrophy may lead to which condition?

<p>Cardiac failure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is hyperplasia primarily characterized by?

<p>An increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism primarily drives hyperplasia?

<p>Production of growth factors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hyperplasia occurs as a response to the removal of part of an organ?

<p>Compensatory hyperplasia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes dysplasia?

<p>It involves abnormal changes in size, shape, and organization of mature cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential consequence of dysplasia?

<p>Progression to cancer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of metaplasia?

<p>Replacement of a differentiated cell type by a less differentiated type (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of hyperplasia is associated with excessive menstrual bleeding due to hormonal imbalance?

<p>Pathologic hyperplasia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between dysplasia and hyperplasia?

<p>Dysplasia is often called atypical hyperplasia. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What initiates the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis?

<p>Loss of survival signals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is a key difference between necrosis and apoptosis?

<p>Apoptosis involves intact cellular contents, while necrosis does not. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes necrosis?

<p>It induces pyknosis and karyorrhexis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does apoptosis influence inflammation compared to necrosis?

<p>Necrosis frequently results in inflammation, but apoptosis usually does not. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a trigger for the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis?

<p>Engagement of death receptors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one characteristic of apoptotic cell death?

<p>Compact DNA fragmentation into nucleosome-size pieces. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of necrosis is typically characterized by the loss of blood supply?

<p>Coagulative necrosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about apoptosis is true?

<p>It is often a physiological means of eliminating unwanted cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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