Introduction to Pathophysiology: Mechanisms of Disease, Diagnosis, and Treatment

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What does 'prodromal' stage of a disease refer to?

A stage where one is aware of a change in the body but the signs are nonspecific (correct)

The period when symptoms and signs of the disease increase

The period when latent clinical signs are evident

The time when symptoms and signs of the disease abate

What term is used to describe triggers that lead to an acute episode of a disease?

Precipitating Factors (correct)

Manifestations

Complications

Therapy

During which period do symptoms and signs of a disease generally increase?

Remission

Exacerbation (correct)

Manifestations

Incubation Period

What term describes a collection of signs and symptoms that usually occur together in response to a certain condition?

Syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a new secondary or additional problem that arises after the original disease starts?

Complications Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of homeostasis?

The ability of the body to maintain a stable internal environment Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of feedback loops used in homeostatic regulation?

Positive feedback and negative feedback Signup and view all the answers

Which type of feedback loop is the most common in homeostatic regulation?

Negative feedback Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of homeostatic regulation?

To maintain a stable internal environment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a mechanism of disease according to the passage?

Positive feedback loops Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes pathophysiology?

The study of the functional changes associated with a specific disease Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the number of new and existing cases of a disease within a given time period?

Prevalence Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe a disease caused by human intervention or medical treatment?

Iatrogenic Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the onset of a disease that progresses gradually with vague symptoms?

Insidious Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe a disease with an unknown cause?

Idiopathic Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes pathogenesis?

The development of a disease Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the probability or likelihood of recovery from a disease?

Convalescence Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe a disease that is native to a local area?

Endemic disease Signup and view all the answers

Which factor encompasses the tendencies that promote the development of a disease in an individual?

Lifestyle Signup and view all the answers

What does epidemiology study in relation to diseases?

Spread of infections Signup and view all the answers

Which term relates to disease rates within a specific group?

Morbidity Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for diseases that must be reported to health authorities?

Notifiable diseases Signup and view all the answers

What are the key purposes of the inflammatory response?

To hunt & kill invaders, limit spread, and prepare tissue for repair Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are known as 'the eaters' in the inflammatory response?

Neutrophils Signup and view all the answers

Which chemical mediator causes symptoms of inflammation like pain and swelling?

Prostaglandins Signup and view all the answers

What are the systemic effects of inflammation?

Fever, fatigue, and headache Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic test is specifically used to assess chronic inflammation?

ESR Signup and view all the answers

What are the local effects of inflammation referred to as the cardinal signs?

Redness, heat, swelling, pain Signup and view all the answers

'Chemotaxis' in inflammation refers to the process of:

Releasing chemical mediators that attract cells to the site of injury Signup and view all the answers