Questions and Answers
What type of inflammation is characterized by the deposition of a true membranous structure?
Which type of exudate is rich in fibrin?
What is the characteristic of serous inflammation?
Which of the following is an example of serofibrinous inflammation?
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What is the outcome of suppurative inflammation?
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What is the characteristic of haemorrhagic inflammation?
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What is the characteristic of catarrhal inflammation?
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What is the outcome of acute inflammation where the dead tissue is replaced by living connective tissue?
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Which type of inflammation is characterized by the deposition of a fibrinous membrane-like structure?
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What is the characteristic of suppurative inflammation?
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What is the definition of an ulcer?
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What is the difference between acute and chronic inflammation?
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What is the main cause of chronic inflammation?
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What is a complication of acute inflammation?
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What is the characteristic of tissue destruction in chronic inflammation?
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What is the characteristic of healing by fibrosis in chronic inflammation?
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What is the composition of pus?
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What is the cause of chronic inflammation?
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What is the characteristic of chronic inflammation?
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What type of giant cell is characterized by nuclei arranged peripherally?
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What is the defining feature of a granuloma?
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What is the cause of foreign body granulomas?
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What is the characteristic of epithelioid cells in granulomas?
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What is the outcome of chronic inflammation?
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Study Notes
Mixed Defects
- Mixed defects can be caused by factors such as malnutrition, diabetes, anemia, neonates, elderly, and sepsis, as well as Chediak-Higashi syndrome.
Morphologic Patterns of Acute Inflammation
- Six patterns of acute inflammation:
- Serous inflammation: characterized by marked outpouring of thin serous fluid, often seen in pleural effusions.
- Fibrinous inflammation: characterized by deposition of fibrin, often seen in pericarditis and pleuritis.
- Serofibrinous inflammation: characterized by serous exudation with fibrin debris, often seen in rheumatic pericarditis.
- Catarrhal inflammation: characterized by outpouring of mucinous material, often seen in the common cold.
- Suppurative inflammation: characterized by accumulation of purulent material, often seen in abscesses and carbuncles.
- Haemorrhagic inflammation: characterized by vascular damage, often seen in influenza and Klebsiella infections.
Suppurative (Purulent) Inflammation
- Characterized by production of large amounts of pus or purulent exudate.
- Examples include suppurative appendicitis and abscesses.
- Abscesses are defined as localized collections of pus, consisting of a cavity containing pus and surrounding wall with granulation tissue and inflammatory cells.
Ulcers
- Defined as local defects or excavations of the surface of an organ or tissue.
- Often seen in the mucosa of the mouth, stomach, intestines, or genitourinary tract.
- Examples include peptic ulcers of the stomach or duodenum.
Outcomes of Acute Inflammation
- Three possible outcomes:
- Complete resolution: to normal tissue structure and function following inflammation.
- Organization of exudates (healing by scarring): replacement of dead tissue by living connective tissue which matures to form scar tissue.
- Progression to chronic inflammation.
Chronic Inflammation
- Defined as inflammation of prolonged duration in which inflammation, tissue damage, and healing occur at the same time.
- Causes:
- Persistent infection by microbes that are difficult to eradicate.
- Immune-mediated inflammatory disease.
- Prolonged exposure to potentially toxic agents.
- Morphologic features:
- Mononuclear cellular infiltrate.
- Tissue destruction.
- Healing by fibrosis.
Granulomatous Inflammation
- A distinctive type of chronic inflammation characterized by the presence of a granuloma.
- Granuloma: defined as a microscopic aggregation of macrophages transformed into epithelium-like cells, surrounded by lymphocytes and occasional plasma cells.
- Components of a granuloma:
- Epithelioid cells.
- Giant cells.
- Rim of fibroblasts and connective tissue.
- Types of granulomas:
- Foreign body granulomas.
- Others (not specified in the text).
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Description
This quiz covers types of tissue and organ damage, including gangrenous necrosis, ulceration, suppurative inflammation, and abscesses.