Pathology of Tissues and Organs

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Questions and Answers

What type of inflammation is characterized by the deposition of a true membranous structure?

Fibrinous inflammation

Suppurative inflammation

Membranous inflammation (correct)

Serous inflammation

Which type of exudate is rich in fibrin?

Serous exudate

Fibrinous exudate (correct)

Serofibrinous exudate

Catarrhal exudate

What is the characteristic of serous inflammation?

Outpouring of thin serous fluid (correct)

Accumulation of purulent material

Deposition of fibrin

Vascular damage

Which of the following is an example of serofibrinous inflammation?

Rheumatic pericarditis (Bread & Butter type) Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of suppurative inflammation?

Abscess formation Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of haemorrhagic inflammation?

Vascular damage Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of catarrhal inflammation?

Outpouring of mucinous material Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of acute inflammation where the dead tissue is replaced by living connective tissue?

Organization of exudates Signup and view all the answers

Which type of inflammation is characterized by the deposition of a fibrinous membrane-like structure?

Pseudomembranous inflammation Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of suppurative inflammation?

Production of large amounts of pus Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of an ulcer?

A local defect in mucosa Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between acute and chronic inflammation?

Acute inflammation is of short duration, while chronic inflammation is of long duration Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of chronic inflammation?

Abnormal activation of the immune system Signup and view all the answers

What is a complication of acute inflammation?

Abscess formation Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of tissue destruction in chronic inflammation?

Result from the persistence of the injurious agent Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of healing by fibrosis in chronic inflammation?

Tissue is replaced by granulation tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of pus?

Liquefied necrotic cell debris, dead leukocytes, and macrophages Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of chronic inflammation?

Persistent infection by microbes that are difficult to eradicate Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of chronic inflammation?

Tissue damage and repair occur simultaneously Signup and view all the answers

What type of giant cell is characterized by nuclei arranged peripherally?

Langhans-type giant cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining feature of a granuloma?

Microscopic aggregation of macrophages Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of foreign body granulomas?

Inert foreign bodies Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of epithelioid cells in granulomas?

They have pink granular cytoplasm with indistinct borders Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of chronic inflammation?

Healing by fibrosis Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Mixed Defects

Mixed defects can be caused by factors such as malnutrition, diabetes, anemia, neonates, elderly, and sepsis, as well as Chediak-Higashi syndrome.

Morphologic Patterns of Acute Inflammation

Six patterns of acute inflammation:
- Serous inflammation: characterized by marked outpouring of thin serous fluid, often seen in pleural effusions.
- Fibrinous inflammation: characterized by deposition of fibrin, often seen in pericarditis and pleuritis.
- Serofibrinous inflammation: characterized by serous exudation with fibrin debris, often seen in rheumatic pericarditis.
- Catarrhal inflammation: characterized by outpouring of mucinous material, often seen in the common cold.
- Suppurative inflammation: characterized by accumulation of purulent material, often seen in abscesses and carbuncles.
- Haemorrhagic inflammation: characterized by vascular damage, often seen in influenza and Klebsiella infections.

Suppurative (Purulent) Inflammation

Characterized by production of large amounts of pus or purulent exudate.
Examples include suppurative appendicitis and abscesses.
Abscesses are defined as localized collections of pus, consisting of a cavity containing pus and surrounding wall with granulation tissue and inflammatory cells.

Ulcers

Defined as local defects or excavations of the surface of an organ or tissue.
Often seen in the mucosa of the mouth, stomach, intestines, or genitourinary tract.
Examples include peptic ulcers of the stomach or duodenum.

Outcomes of Acute Inflammation

Three possible outcomes:
- Complete resolution: to normal tissue structure and function following inflammation.
- Organization of exudates (healing by scarring): replacement of dead tissue by living connective tissue which matures to form scar tissue.
- Progression to chronic inflammation.

Chronic Inflammation

Defined as inflammation of prolonged duration in which inflammation, tissue damage, and healing occur at the same time.
Causes:
- Persistent infection by microbes that are difficult to eradicate.
- Immune-mediated inflammatory disease.
- Prolonged exposure to potentially toxic agents.
Morphologic features:
- Mononuclear cellular infiltrate.
- Tissue destruction.
- Healing by fibrosis.

Granulomatous Inflammation

A distinctive type of chronic inflammation characterized by the presence of a granuloma.
Granuloma: defined as a microscopic aggregation of macrophages transformed into epithelium-like cells, surrounded by lymphocytes and occasional plasma cells.
Components of a granuloma:
- Epithelioid cells.
- Giant cells.
- Rim of fibroblasts and connective tissue.
Types of granulomas:
- Foreign body granulomas.
- Others (not specified in the text).

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Description

This quiz covers types of tissue and organ damage, including gangrenous necrosis, ulceration, suppurative inflammation, and abscesses.