30 Questions
What is the main function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
To protect the brain from injury
What is the name of the structure that produces CSF?
Choroid plexus
What is the term for the abnormal accumulation of CSF in the brain?
Hydrocephalus
Which type of hydrocephalus is caused by obstruction within the ventricular system?
Non-communicating hydrocephalus
What is the name of the congenital malformation that involves the cerebellum and fourth ventricle?
Dandy-Walker syndrome
Which of the following is NOT a cause of hydrocephalus?
Hypertension
What is the gold standard for diagnosing meningitis?
CSF analysis
What is the primary function of myelin in the nervous system?
To protect axons
What is the result of severe damage to axons in Multiple Sclerosis?
Destruction of the nerve/axon itself
Which type of meningitis is characterized by a turbid CSF with a high WBC count and very low glucose levels?
Bacterial meningitis
What is the purpose of reducing ICP in the management of meningitis?
To reduce intracranial pressure
What is the term for the hardening of fibrous tissue due to the destruction of myelin in Multiple Sclerosis?
Sclerosis
What is the complication of micro-aneurysms in blood vessels?
Bleeding
What is the cause of embolic stroke?
Detachment of a thrombus from the site of a plaque or from other sources of embolus
What is the effect of amyloid angiopathy on blood vessels?
Weaken the blood vessel and increase the risk of bleeding
What is the characteristic of fibromuscular dysplasia in an artery wall?
Abnormal growth within the wall of an artery, making it fragile and prone to rupture
What is the primary cause of meningitis?
Encapsulated microorganisms that resist phagocytosis
What is the typical feature of thrombotic strokes compared to embolic strokes?
They are larger in size
What is the risk factor for stroke mentioned in the passage?
All of the above
What is the characteristic of aseptic meningitis?
It is caused by viruses and resolves without specific treatment
What is the result of photophobia in meningitis?
Pain and discomfort due to optic nerve compression
What is the common symptom of meningitis in neonates?
Poor feed
What is the effect of bacterial meningitis on the brain?
It can cause brain damage and death
What is the effect of meningitis on the blood vessels?
Vasodilatation leading to increased blood vessel permeability
What is the role of the receptor expressed by the abnormal clone of T cytotoxic cells in MS?
Allowing the cells to cross the blood-brain barrier
What is the result of the activation of the abnormal clone of T-cells in MS?
Production of cytokines and cellular mediators
What is the role of T-regulator cells in MS?
Suppressing the immune system and improving re-myelination
What is the long-term consequence of the pathogenesis of MS?
Failure of re-myelination and permanent demyelination
What is the effect of the plaques formed in MS on neurotransmission?
Inhibiting neurotransmission
What is the characteristic of the symptoms of MS in terms of the location of the plaques?
The symptoms are dependent on the location of the plaques
Test your knowledge on the pathology of the nervous system, focusing on hydrocephalus and the formation and flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Learn about the causes and effects of abnormal CSF accumulation and its relation to brain abnormalities and cancer.
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