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Questions and Answers
What is the literal meaning of neoplasia?
What is the main difference between neoplasia and hyperplasia?
What is a characteristic of benign epithelial tumors?
What is the prognosis for malignant neoplasms?
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What is a characteristic of malignant epithelial tumors?
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What is the main difference between benign and malignant neoplasms in terms of growth?
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What is the characteristic of malignant neoplasms in terms of metastasis?
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What is the characteristic of benign neoplasms in terms of recurrence?
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What is the characteristic of malignant neoplasms in terms of size?
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What is the characteristic of benign neoplasms in terms of growth progress?
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Study Notes
Benign and Malignant Neoplasia
- Neoplasia: abnormal mass of tissue that grows excessively and uncoordinated with normal tissue, persists after cessation of stimulus.
- Difference between neoplasia and hyperplasia: neoplasia arises spontaneously, hyperplasia arises by stimulus.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)
- Characteristics: well-differentiated epithelium, little or no cytological atypia, rare mitoses, intact basement membrane.
- Adjacent connective tissue: heavily infiltrated by chronic inflammatory cells.
Spindle Cell Carcinoma
- Definition: rare variant of high-grade SCC, characterized by dysplastic surface epithelium and invasive spindle cell element.
- Etiology: often develops as a recurrence after radiotherapy for a more differentiated SCC (dedifferentiation).
- Clinical features:
- Age: old age
- Sex: no sex predilection
- Site: predominantly in upper aerodigestive tract (larynx, oral cavity, esophagus)
- Shape: pedunculated or sessile nodular mass, fungating mass, or ulcer
- Features: rapid growth, invasion of bone and underlying tissues, pain and paresthesia
- Histopathologic features:
- Anaplastic spindle-shaped epithelial cells with signs of malignancy (hyperchromatism, pleomorphism, increased N/C ratio, increased mitotic activity, and abnormal mitotic figures)
Histopathologic Features of Spindle Cell Carcinoma
- Three types according to degree of differentiation of invading cells:
- Well-differentiated: neoplastic epithelium consists of masses of prickle cells with a limiting layer of basal cells and basement membrane
- Moderately differentiated: keratin pearls sparse or absent, prickle cells and nuclei more pleomorphic, mitotic activity abundant
- Poorly differentiated anaplastic tumors: epithelial cells irregular, no nests or keratin pearls, variable lymphocytic and plasma cell infiltration in stroma
Intended Learning Outcomes
- Benign epithelial tumors
- Squamous cell carcinoma
- Variants of squamous cell carcinoma
- Basal cell carcinoma
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Description
This quiz covers the characteristics of Squamous Cell Carcinoma, including its projections, epithelium, and adjacent connective tissue. It also touches on the definition of Spindle cell carcinoma.
