Types of Melanoma Quiz

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Which condition is associated with partial or complete loss of skin pigmentation?

Pernicious anemia

Diabetes

Vitiligo (correct)

Melanoma

What is a characteristic clinical feature of melanoma?

Psoriasis-like scales

Eczema-like rash

Hyperpigmentation

Hypopigmentation (correct)

Which of the following is a strong risk factor for developing melanoma?

Excessive UV exposure (correct)

Vegetarian diet

Genetic engineering

African descent

What is a common genetic mutation associated with melanoma pathogenesis that leads to uncontrolled cell growth?

Loss-of-function mutation in CDKN2A Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a marker used to identify melanoma cells?

Cytokeratins Signup and view all the answers

In which phase of growth does metastatic melanoma invade deeper dermal layers?

Vertical Growth Phase Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is strongly associated with the presence of red hair and freckles from sun exposure?

Xeroderma pigmentosum Signup and view all the answers

What is the main responsibility of small GTPases in cell signaling pathways?

Control cell growth, migration, adhesion, and differentiation Signup and view all the answers

How does a RAS mutation in melanoma typically occur?

Through the switch signaling from CRAF to BRAF Signup and view all the answers

Which syndrome is associated with germline mutations in BRAF?

Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of TERT mutations on telomerase activity?

Increase telomerase activity Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cancer is NOT associated with mutations in TERT promoters?

Pancreatic cancer Signup and view all the answers

What clinical feature is associated with Hutchinson's sign?

Presence of longitudinal melanonychia on cuticle Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with Hutchinson's sign?

Vitiligo Signup and view all the answers

How do TERT mutations contribute to carcinogenesis?

Through impaired telomere maintenance and DNA damage Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of cell signaling pathways does BRAF primarily affect?

Differentiation and secretion Signup and view all the answers

Which subtype of melanoma is characterized by malignant cells staying within the basal and upper epidermis?

Superficial Spreading Melanoma Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of Lentigo Maligna Melanoma?

Presence of spindle-shaped melanocytes in the dermis Signup and view all the answers

Which subtype of melanoma is known for its aggressive nature with early vertical growth phase?

Nodular Melanoma Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of Invasive Melanoma?

Presence of nuclear pseudoinclusions Signup and view all the answers

Which sign is associated with Invasive Melanoma?

Hutchinson's sign Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates Pagetoid spread in Melanoma from Pagetoid spread in Adenocarcinoma?

S100/HMB45 positive, cytokeratin negative in Melanoma Signup and view all the answers

Which subtype of melanoma affects the skin of soles, palms, digits, and nail apparatus?

Acral Lentiginous Melanoma Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of Amelanotic Melanoma?

Reddish slightly elevated plaque Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of multinucleated melanoma cells in the basal layer?

Highly pigmented with starburst forms Signup and view all the answers

Which type of melanoma shows nests or single cells at the basal layer along with marked elastosis?

Superficial Spreading Lentigo Maligna Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of Invasive Melanomas in terms of their spread?

Vertical growth Signup and view all the answers

Which marker is typically POSITIVE in both benign nevus and melanoma?

S100 Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of Clark's Level III of invasion in melanoma?

Papillary dermis expansion Signup and view all the answers

Which condition shows a negative reaction to HMB45 and S100 markers?

Pyogenic Granuloma Signup and view all the answers

In Lentigo Maligna, what is a common feature seen in the underlying dermis?

Solar elastosis Signup and view all the answers

Which system measures tumor thickness using an ocular micrometer at right angles to the tumor?

Breslow's System Signup and view all the answers

What type of differential diagnosis is important when considering Paget's disease?

HMB45 melanA S100 negative, CK7 positive Signup and view all the answers