Pathology of Esophagus

<p>Heartburn (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Routine surveillance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thinning of the superficial layer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>20-30% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Esophageal webs and rings (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incomplete separation of the respiratory tract from the primitive foregut (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type D (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dysphagia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An abnormal communication between the larynx and pharynx (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Esophageal duplication cysts are common in the anterior mediastinum. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Congenital heart disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infection from aspiration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Difficulty in swallowing due to sphincter dysfunction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>30 to 60 years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sliding hernia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heartburn and acid reflux (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mediastinal inflammation or infection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chagas disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Complete absence of myenteric ganglion cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A mixture of gastric and intestinal epithelium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Obesity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Squamous cell carcinoma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dysphagia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>75% over 5 years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ulcerative and infiltrative (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adults over 50 years (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plummer-Vinson syndrome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Outpouchings of the esophageal wall that include all layers, including the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis propria, and serosa.

Outpouchings of the esophageal wall that only include the mucosa and submucosa.

Dilated sub-mucosal veins in the lower third of the esophagus, often caused by portal hypertension and liver cirrhosis.

Acquired smooth ledges of mucosa usually occurring in the upper esophagus, causing dysphagia to solid foods.

Concentric tissue rings protruding into the distal esophageal lumen, causing dysphagia to solid foods.

Inflammation of the esophagus, most commonly caused by reflux of gastric contents.

Metaplasia of the distal esophageal squamous epithelium to columnar epithelium, caused by chronic esophageal reflux.

A condition where the lining of the esophagus changes from squamous epithelium to columnar epithelium due to prolonged irritation, often caused by chronic esophageal reflux.

A condition where the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) fails to relax properly, preventing food and liquids from moving into the stomach.

A condition where a portion of the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm into the chest cavity.

The most common type of hiatal hernia, where the stomach slides up and down through the weakened diaphragm.

A less common type of hiatal hernia, where a part of the stomach gets trapped in the chest cavity.

A rare condition where a pouch forms in the esophageal wall.

A type of diverticulum caused by increased pressure inside the esophagus, pushing the wall outward.

This type of diverticulum develops when an outside force, like inflammation, pulls on the esophageal wall.

The most common cause of esophageal achalasia in South America.

A type of cancer that arises from the lining of the esophagus.

A type of benign tumor that occurs in the esophagus. They are usually asymptomatic and can be found during routine endoscopy.

A type of tumor arising from muscle tissue that can be found in the esophagus. They are usually asymptomatic and rarely become cancerous.

The most common type of esophageal cancer, occurring in adults over 50 years old, with a higher prevalence in males. It often develops from chronic esophagitis, heavy smoking, alcohol abuse, and Plummer-Vinson syndrome.

A type of esophageal cancer that accounts for about 25% of cancer cases. It is often associated with Barrett's Esophagus and epithelial dysplasia.

A procedure where a flexible tube with a camera is inserted into the esophagus to visualize the lining. It helps detect abnormalities like Barrett's Esophagus, ulcers, and tumors.

Abnormal changes in the cells lining the esophagus, often associated with an increased risk of cancer. It's a precancerous condition that can progress to adenocarcinoma.

A birth defect where the esophagus is completely divided into two segments, the upper and lower parts, with no connection between them. This hinders the passage of food from the mouth to the stomach and may also cause breathing difficulties.

Congenital malformation arising from a failure of the respiratory tract to fully separate from the primitive foregut. It leads to narrowing of the esophagus, affecting swallowing.

An abnormal communication between the larynx and pharynx, often extending between the trachea and esophagus. It can be a serious birth defect affecting breathing and swallowing.

A rare malformation where a second, non-functional esophagus develops. It typically occurs in the right postero-inferior mediastinum, the space behind the heart, and can cause respiratory distress.

A type of esophageal atresia where the upper segment of the esophagus ends blindly, not connected to the trachea, while the lower segment is attached to the trachea, forming a fistula. This is the most common type of esophageal atresia.

Variety of esophageal atresia where both ends of the esophagus are attached to the trachea, forming two fistulae. This is the rarest and most severe type of esophageal atresia.

Characterized by a connection between the upper esophagus and trachea, with the lower esophagus ending blindly. This type is less common.

A type of esophageal atresia where both ends of the esophagus end blindly, with no connection to the trachea. This is the simplest form of esophageal atresia but less common.