Pathology: Neoplasms and Metaplasia Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the defining characteristic of a neoplasm?

  • A mass of tissue that grows at a rate coordinated with normal tissues
  • A mass of tissue that grows independently of normal tissues (correct)
  • A mass of tissue that is always benign
  • A mass of tissue that is always malignant

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of neoplasms?

  • They are always benign. (correct)
  • They are genetically altered.
  • They are autonomous.
  • They are clonal.

Which of the following is a benign tumor of cartilage?

  • Osteoma
  • Chondroma (correct)
  • Chondrosarcoma
  • Fibroma

Which of the following is a malignant tumor of glandular tissue?

<p>Adenocarcinoma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a malignant tumor of skeletal muscle cells?

<p>Rhabdomyosarcoma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a benign tumor that projects above a mucosal surface?

<p>Polyp (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a sarcoma?

<p>It is always benign. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of carcinoma?

<p>Chondrosarcoma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of stem cell is responsible for giving rise to red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets?

<p>Multipotent progenitor cells (Hematopoietic stem cells) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between metaplasia and dysplasia?

<p>Metaplasia involves a change in cell type, while dysplasia involves a change in cell size and shape (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of squamous cell metaplasia?

<p>Conversion of glandular epithelium to squamous epithelium in the bronchi of smokers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of stem cells in differentiation?

<p>Stem cells are responsible for transforming into specialized cells with specific functions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why metaplasia is considered an adaptive process?

<p>It helps the tissue better adapt to new environmental conditions, improving survival (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is “intestinal metaplasia”?

<p>The formation of intestinal-like cells in the stomach due to chronic gastritis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of metaplasia?

<p>A deficiency in vitamin C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is NOT a benign, non-cancerous tumor?

<p>Cervical ectropion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of metaplasia of connective tissue?

<p>Cervical ectropion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about tumors is TRUE?

<p>A malignant tumor is always a mass of tissue that grows excessively and uncontrollably. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of a choristoma?

<p>It is a benign tumor composed of normal tissue in an abnormal location. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Squamous metaplasia in the endometrium is most often associated with:

<p>Hormonal imbalance related to hyperestrogenism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Neoplasia

Abnormal growth of cells, which can lead to tumors.

Stem Cells

Undifferentiated cells capable of giving rise to specialized cells.

Totipotent Stem Cells

Cells that can develop into any cell type, including placental cells.

Pluripotent Stem Cells

Cells that can develop into almost any cell type but not placental cells.

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Multipotent Stem Cells

Cells that can develop into a limited range of cell types within a particular lineage.

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Metaplasia

Transformation of one fully differentiated cell type to another; adaptation mechanism.

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Causes of Metaplasia

Can be due to vitamin A deficiency, chronic inflammation, or hormonal changes.

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Epithelial Metaplasia

Characteristic change in epithelial tissue type; includes squamous, glandular, and more.

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Benign Tumors

Non-cancerous neoplasms that do not invade neighboring tissues or spread.

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Malignant Tumors

Cancerous neoplasms that invade nearby tissues and can spread (metastasize).

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Carcinoma

A type of malignant tumor that originates in epithelial tissue.

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Sarcoma

A type of malignant tumor that arises from mesenchymal tissue (connective tissues).

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Adenocarcinoma

A malignant tumor formed from glandular structures in epithelial tissue.

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Chondrosarcoma

A malignant tumor that arises from chondrocytes (cartilage cells).

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Barret's Esophagus

A condition where the esophageal lining changes due to chronic acid exposure, often related to GERD.

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Cervical Ectropion

A condition where columnar epithelium of the cervix protrudes and undergoes squamous metaplasia.

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Squamous Metaplasia

The transformation of one type of epithelial tissue into squamous epithelium, often due to irritation or inflammation.

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Hamartoma

A benign, focal malformation containing an abnormal amount of normal tissue in its origin.

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