Neoplasms and Cancer Nomenclature
42 Questions
10 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What defines a malignant neoplasm?

  • It can be benign if it remains localized and does not spread.
  • It is a cancerous growth that can invade surrounding tissues and spread throughout the body. (correct)
  • It is always larger than a benign neoplasm.
  • It is a non-cancerous growth that does not invade surrounding tissues.

Which suffix is used to classify benign tumors?

  • -carcinoma
  • -oma (correct)
  • -itis
  • -sarcoma

What is a shared characteristic of cancer cells?

  • They do not undergo Darwinian selection.
  • They only experience genetic mutations when symptomatic.
  • Genetic alterations can be inherited and influence daughter cells. (correct)
  • They are always more effective at healing than normal cells.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of malignant tumors?

<p>They are typically localized to one area without spreading. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are tumors classified based on their tissue origin?

<p>Benign tumors use '-oma' while malignant tumors use '-sarcoma' or '-carcinoma'. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'oncology' refer to?

<p>The study of tumors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about tumors?

<p>All tumors are considered cancerous. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes cancer from general tumors?

<p>Cancer refers specifically to malignant neoplasms that proliferate and metastasize. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'carcinoma in situ' refer to?

<p>A precancerous condition where abnormal cells are present but confined. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of stroma in relation to cancer cells?

<p>It provides nutrients and support necessary for cancer cell proliferation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the term 'more parenchymal' in tumor consistency?

<p>A greater number of cancer cells stimulating the growth of stroma. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the stroma influence the firmness of a tumor?

<p>A denser stroma provides a firmer, more resistant tumor consistency. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic distinguishes a malignant tumor from a benign tumor?

<p>Invasive capability and the potential to metastasize. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indicator of malignancy among tumors?

<p>Metastasis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option correctly describes benign tumors?

<p>They typically have clear boundaries. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes cells that divide uncontrollably and form a tumor?

<p>Parenchyma. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the lack of differentiation in tumor cells, often a hallmark of malignancy?

<p>Anaplasia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature distinguishes benign tumors from malignant tumors?

<p>Well-defined boundary (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first regional lymph node that receives lymph flow from a primary tumor called?

<p>Sentinel lymph node (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is typically true about well-differentiated malignant tumors?

<p>They may still exhibit local invasion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the spread of cancer cells through the bloodstream?

<p>Hematogenous spread (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dysplasia primarily indicates a condition where cells are:

<p>Abnormally arranged but still contained (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Malignant tumors frequently exhibit which of the following characteristics?

<p>Pleomorphism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does carcinoma in situ signify?

<p>Early stage of cancer without invasion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tumor is most likely to spread through the lymphatic system?

<p>Carcinomas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following traits can signify severe dysplasia?

<p>Abnormal size and shape cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these cancers primarily spreads through the bloodstream?

<p>Sarcoma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of benign tumors?

<p>They consist of well-differentiated cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of stroma in a tumor?

<p>To provide structural support and nutrients (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tumors is classified as a benign tumor?

<p>Fibroma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which suffix is typically used to denote a benign tumor?

<p>-oma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of tumor is classified as a malignant tumor arising from mesenchymal tissue?

<p>Sarcoma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes mixed tumors from other tumor types?

<p>They contain cells from more than one type of tissue. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a malignant tumor that does not follow the typical naming convention?

<p>Melanoma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of carcinoma forms gland-like structures?

<p>Adenocarcinoma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a teratoma?

<p>A benign tumor containing tissues from all three germ layers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of a pleomorphic adenoma?

<p>It has both epithelial and mesenchymal components. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to a mass of disorganized, normal tissue found in the location where the tumor arises?

<p>Hamartoma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following defines a carcinoma?

<p>A malignant tumor derived from epithelial cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of blood-forming cell tumor is characterized as malignant?

<p>Lymphoma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between a hamartoma and a choristoma?

<p>Hamartomas arise from neoplastic changes, while choristomas are normal tissue. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tumor can contain tissues from multiple germ layers?

<p>Teratoma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Neoplasm

An abnormal growth of tissue that can be either benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).

Benign Neoplasm

A non-cancerous neoplasm that does not spread to other parts of the body. It may cause problems if it grows large or presses on nearby structures.

Malignant Neoplasm

A cancerous neoplasm that can invade surrounding tissues and spread to other parts of the body (metastasis). These are dangerous because they disrupt normal organ function and can be life-threatening.

Tumor

A term often used synonymously with neoplasm. It refers to any abnormal growth of tissue and can be either benign or malignant.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cancer

A genetic disorder caused by DNA mutations that affect the growth and division of cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nomenclature of Neoplastic Diseases

The process of classifying tumors based on their tissue of origin.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Benign Tumor Naming

Benign tumors often end in '-oma' (e.g., fibroma, lipoma).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Malignant Tumor Naming

Malignant tumors are named according to their tissue origin with the suffix '-sarcoma' for mesenchymal tumors (e.g., osteosarcoma, fibrosarcoma) and '-carcinoma' for epithelial tumors (e.g., adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Parenchyma

The neoplastic (transformed) cells that make up a tumor. They determine the tumor's behavior and characteristics.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Stroma

The supportive tissue surrounding the parenchyma, composed of connective tissue, blood vessels, and inflammatory cells. It provides structure and nutrients for tumor growth.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Polyps

Benign tumors projecting above mucosal surfaces, often found in the gut.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Papillomas

Benign tumors forming finger-like projections on epithelial surfaces.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sarcomas

Malignant tumors arising from mesenchymal tissue, like fat, cartilage, or bone.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Carcinomas

Malignant tumors originating from epithelial cells, regardless of the organ.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Adenocarcinoma

Carcinoma with gland-like structures.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Carcinomas composed of squamous cells (flat cells found on the skin, mouth, etc.).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mixed Tumors

Tumors with cells from more than one tissue type, originating from a single transformed stem cell.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pleomorphic Adenoma

A mixed tumor of the salivary gland with both epithelial and fibromyxoid elements.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Teratoma

A special mixed tumor arising from germ cells, containing tissues from multiple germ layers.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hamartoma

A mass of disorganized, normal tissue found in the location where the tumor arises.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Choristomas

Congenital tissue masses found in abnormal locations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lymphoma

A malignant tumor of lymphatic tissue.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Carcinoma in situ

A precancerous condition where abnormal cells haven't spread yet.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Desmoplastic Tumor

A tumor with a dense, firm texture, like a tightly inflated water balloon.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Softer Tumor

A tumor with a soft texture, like a less inflated water balloon.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Metastasis

The ability of a tumor to spread to other parts of the body.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Differentiation

The extent to which tumor cells resemble normal cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Benign Tumor

A tumor that grows in a defined mass and often has a capsule.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Malignant Tumor

A tumor that invades surrounding tissues and can spread to other parts of the body.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Differentiation in Tumors

The extent to which a tumor resembles its normal tissue in terms of structure and function. Well-differentiated tumors closely mimic the original tissue, while poorly differentiated tumors (anaplastic) lack resemblance and show abnormal growth.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Anaplasia

The lack of differentiation, where tumor cells lose the structure and function of the original tissue. It's a hallmark of malignancy.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pleomorphism

Variation in cell size and shape, often seen in anaplastic tumors.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Local Invasion

The ability of a tumor to grow into and invade surrounding tissues.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Encapsulated Tumor

A benign tumor growing in a well-defined, cohesive mass, often with a capsule.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Seeding Metastasis

Spread of tumor cells within body cavities, like the peritoneal cavity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lymphatic Spread

Spread of cancer cells through the lymphatic system, common in carcinomas.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hematogenous Spread

Spread of cancer cells through the bloodstream, common in sarcomas.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sentinel Lymph Node

The first regional lymph node receiving lymphatic flow from a primary tumor.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Dysplasia

Disordered growth of cells within a tissue. Cells may be abnormal in size or shape, but still contained within the original tissue. It's a precancerous condition.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lipoma

A benign tumor of fat tissue.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Neoplasms and Nomenclature

  • Neoplasms are abnormal tissue growths, either benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
  • Benign neoplasms do not spread and are usually not life-threatening, though they can cause problems if growing large.
  • Malignant neoplasms spread and invade, posing a serious threat to life; an example is melanoma.
  • Tumor and neoplasm are often used interchangeably; a tumor is any abnormal tissue growth, while a neoplasm is abnormally growing cells.

Shared Characteristics of Cancer

  • Cancer is a genetic disorder.
  • DNA mutations are inheritable, allowing cancer cells to proliferate and survive.
  • Genetic and epigenetic changes give cancer cells "cancer hallmarks" enabling uncontrolled growth, evasion of defenses, and metastasis.

Nomenclature of Neoplastic Diseases

  • Tumors are classified based on tissue origin:
    • Benign tumors typically end in "-oma" (e.g., fibroma).
    • Malignant tumors are named by tissue origin, with "-sarcoma" for mesenchymal (e.g., osteosarcoma) and "-carcinoma" for epithelial tumors (e.g., adenocarcinoma).

Basic Components of Tumors

  • Tumors have two main parts:
    • Parenchyma: The transformed tumor cells (that determine tumor behavior).
    • Stroma: The support tissue (connective tissue, blood vessels) for tumor growth.

Benign Tumors

  • Named with "-oma" suffix, based on cell or tissue type.
    • Examples: Fibroma (fibrous tissue), Chondroma (cartilage), Adenoma (glandular epithelium).
    • Other types include papillomas, polyps, and cystadenomas.

Malignant Tumors (Cancers)

  • Named differently from benign tumors.
    • Sarcomas arise from mesenchymal tissues (e.g., liposarcoma, chondrosarcoma).
    • Leukemias and lymphomas are blood cell cancers from hematopoietic or lymphatic systems.
    • Carcinomas originate from epithelial cells (e.g., adenocarcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas).

Mixed Tumors

  • Contain cells from different tissue types (epithelial and mesenchymal).
    • Examples: Pleomorphic adenoma (salivary gland), Fibroadenoma (breast).
    • Teratomas arise from germ cells, containing multiple tissues.

Exceptions and Confusing Terminology

  • Some malignant tumors use the "-oma" suffix (e.g., lymphoma, melanoma, seminoma).
  • Hamartomas are masses of disorganized, normal tissue.
  • Choristomas are congenital tissue masses in abnormal locations.

Characteristics Differentiating Benign and Malignant Neoplasms

  • Differentiation (and Anaplasia)

    • Benign: Well-differentiated cells.
    • Malignant: Poorly differentiated (anaplastic) cells, with changes like pleomorphism and abnormal mitosis.

  • Local Invasion:

    • Benign: Grow as cohesive units, often with a capsule.
    • Malignant: Invade surrounding tissues, without clear boundaries.

  • Metastasis

    • Benign: Do not spread to other organs.
    • Malignant: Spread to distant organs (lymphatic or hematogenous spread)

  • Dysplasia and Carcinoma In Situ:

    • Dysplasia: Disordered cell growth, but still confined.
    • Carcinoma In Situ: Abnormal cells but haven't invaded surrounding tissues.

  • Tumor Consistency and Stroma:

    • Tumor consistency (firmness) relates to the amount and density of stroma.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Description

Explore the crucial concepts of neoplasms and their classification. This quiz delves into the differences between benign and malignant tumors, their shared characteristics with cancer, and the nomenclature used in defining neoplastic diseases. Test your knowledge on this important medical topic.

More Like This

Benign Neoplasms and Cancer Epidemiology Quiz
7 questions

Benign Neoplasms and Cancer Epidemiology Quiz

BestDecagon avatar
BestDecagon
Pathology: Neoplasms and Cancer
6 questions

Pathology: Neoplasms and Cancer

EthicalSimile avatar
EthicalSimile
Neoplasms and Cancer Biology
10 questions

Neoplasms and Cancer Biology

StylizedVitality6510 avatar
StylizedVitality6510
L-12 Pathology Neoplasms and Cancer Metastasis
50 questions

L-12 Pathology Neoplasms and Cancer Metastasis

WellEducatedIsland2408 avatar
WellEducatedIsland2408
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser