Pathology Chapter 1: Introduction and Cellular Pathology

Pathology Curriculum Map

• The curriculum map consists of 16-20 lectures divided into 10 chapters
• The chapters include Introduction, Cell injury, Tissue deposits, Inflammation, Repair, Disorders of growth, Neoplasia, Disorders of blood flow, Infectious diseases, and Environmental & nutritional diseases

Pathology Assessment Map

• The assessment map consists of a final written exam (40%), oral sheet (10%), practical exam (25%), midterm (15%), and course work (10%)

Pathology

• Etiology involves predisposing factors, exciting factors, pathogenesis, clinical picture, and prognosis
• Clinical picture includes symptoms, signs, and complications
• Pathogenesis involves mechanism, morphology, gross picture, and microscopic picture

Gross Picture

• Gross picture is the study of obtained diseased tissue regarding size, site, shape, surface, capsule, color, consistency & borders, and cut section

Microscopic Picture

• Microscopic picture involves histopathological features and structural changes in tissues and organs
• H & E stain is universally used
• Special stains are used to demonstrate intra & extra cellular materials:
• Periodic acid Schiff stain (PAS) for glycogen and basement membranes
• Trichrome stain for collagen
• Prussian blue reaction for hemosidrin
• Alcian blue stain for mucin
• Sudan III & Osmic acid for lipids
• Congo red stain for amyloid
• Immunohistochemistry is the application of immunologic principles and techniques to the study of cells and tissues
• Immunohistochemistry is useful in diagnosis of malignant undifferentiated tumors, classification of tumors, detection of primary site of metastatic deposits, planning therapeutic protocols, and prediction of tumor behavior & response to therapy
• Immunostaining may be nuclear, cytoplasmic, or membranous

Specimens

• Types of pathological specimens include tissue and cellular specimens
• Tissue specimens include whole organ, biopsy, and autopsy
• Biopsy is a sample from affected tissue and can be excision biopsy or incision biopsy
• Incision biopsy can be punch biopsy, endoscopic biopsy, or core cut needle biopsy
• Autopsy involves postmortem specimens taken from organs and tissues to determine the cause of death
• Cellular specimens (cytology) involve examination of diseased cells and include exfoliated cells, cells in body fluids, effusion fluid, and body discharge

This quiz covers the basic concepts of pathology, including cell injury, tissue deposits, inflammation, repair, and disorders of growth. It is designed for students in the Pathology Curriculum map, Spring 2023-2024.