Pathology Case Studies

Mass Diagnosis

• A 45-year-old female with a proximal femoral mass associated with bone destruction, grossly whitish-blue with myxoid areas, is likely to have chondrosarcoma.

Joint Pain Diagnosis

• A middle-aged male with joint pain and a mass at the elbow joint, with needle-like bodies in the aspirate, is likely to have gout.

Uterine Mass Diagnosis

• A 40-year-old female with a grape-like mass confined to the uterine cavity, with a diploid karyotype, is likely to have a complete hydatidiform mole.

Vulvar Paget's Disease

• Vulvar Paget's disease represents an intra-epidermal adenocarcinoma, and prognosis is determined by the underlying carcinoma, arising from multipotential epidermal cells.

In Situ Lobular Carcinoma

• In situ lobular carcinoma is rarely associated with calcification, usually does not present with a small palpable mass, has minimal atypia, and more than 50% of cases are bilateral.

Hormones and Mammary Tissue

• Pain in the proliferative phase is usually caused by estrogen; in the lactational phase, mammary stromal density is decreased; in menopause, fatty tissue predominates; and secretion is under the control of progesterone.

Bone Lesions

• A 30-year-old patient with a single osteolytic long bone lesion related to Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor K is likely to have a giant cell tumor.

Breast Mass Diagnosis

• A 45-year-old female with a large breast mass showing leaf-like projections, with bad histological features including increased mitosis, extensile growth pattern, anaplasia, and stroma hypercellularity.

Cervical Intraepithelial Lesions

• Cervical intraepithelial lesions may be associated with koilocytosis; only 10% of LSIL will progress to carcinoma; most HSIL will progress to carcinoma; and carcinoma in situ means full-thickness dysplasia.

Ovarian Tumor Diagnosis

• An ovarian tumor with solid and cystic components, histologically showing small follicles containing acidophilic material, is likely to be a granulosa cell tumor.

Nipple Discharge Causes

• The least likely cause of bilateral nipple discharge is fibrocystic changes.

Breast Mass Diagnosis

• A 50-year-old female with an infiltrative breast mass, showing cords of single cells arranged in lines, with loss of E-cadherin expression, is likely to have invasive lobular carcinoma.

Joint Pain Diagnosis

• A 50-year-old male with backache and hip joint pain worsening at night, with enlarged distal pharyngeal joints and bony prominences on X-ray, is likely to have osteoarthritis.